ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Growth hormone is a cellular senescence target in pituitary and nonpituitary cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic analyses identify agents regulating somatotroph and lactotroph functions.Functional & integrative genomics · 2016Pooled it
- Correlations of pituitary tumor transforming gene expression with human pituitary adenomas: a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Local growth hormone promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonism Extends Lifespan.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of nonfamilial somatotroph adenomas.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Leukocyte telomere length mediates the association between SIRI and CKD: insights from NHANES 1999-2002.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Article
- Growth Hormone Signaling in Bladder Cancer: Transcriptomic Profiling of Patient Samples and In Vitro Evidence of Therapy Resistance via ABC Transporters and EMT Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- GHRH and reproductive systems: Mechanisms, functions, and clinical implications.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- A Brief Overview of Molecular Biology in Pituitary Adenomas with a Focus on Aggressive Lesions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Non-pituitary growth hormone enables colon cell senescence evasion.Aging cell · 2024Article
- CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Growth hormone and radiation therapy: friend, foe, or both?Endocrine-related cancer · 2024Review
- WIP1 is a novel specific target for growth hormone action.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Non-pituitary GH regulation of the tissue microenvironment.Endocrine-related cancer · 2023Article
- Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Covert actions of growth hormone: fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Safety of growth hormone replacement in survivors of cancer and intracranial and pituitary tumours: a consensus statement.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Premature proliferative arrest in benign or early-stage tumors induced by oncoproteins, chromosomal instability, or DNA damage is associated with p53/p21 activation, culminating in either senescence or apoptosis, depending on cell context. Growth hormone (GH) elicits direct peripheral metabolic actions as well as growth effects mediated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Locally produced peripheral tissue GH, in contrast to circulating pituitary-derived endocrine GH, has been proposed to be both proapoptotic and prooncogenic. Pituitary adenomas expressing and secreting GH are invariably benign and exhibit DNA damage and a senescent phenotype. We therefore tested effects of nutlin-induced p53-mediated senescence in rat and human pituitary cells. We show that DNA damage senescence induced by nutlin triggers the p53/p21 senescent pathway, with subsequent marked induction of intracellular pituitary GH in vitro. In contrast, GH is not induced in cells devoid of p53. Furthermore we show that p53 binds specific GH promoter motifs and enhances GH transcription and secretion in senescent pituitary adenoma cells and also in nonpituitary (human breast and colon) cells. In vivo, treatment with nutlin results in up-regulation of both p53 and GH in the pituitary gland, as well as increased GH expression in nonpituitary tissues (lung and liver). Intracrine GH acts in pituitary cells as an apoptosis switch for p53-mediated senescence, likely protecting the pituitary adenoma from progression to malignancy. Unlike in the pituitary, in nonpituitary cells GH exerts antiapoptotic properties. Thus, the results show that GH is a direct p53 transcriptional target and fulfills criteria as a p53 target gene. Induced GH is a readily measurable cell marker for p53-mediated cellular senescence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.