ArticleInfection and immunity2013
Identification of a human monoclonal antibody to replace equine diphtheria antitoxin for treatment of diphtheria intoxication.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diphtheria Antitoxin Production and Procurement Practices and Challenges.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Diphtheritic Myocarditis in an Unvaccinated Child.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Designing a Novel di-epitope Diphtheria Vaccine: A Rational Structural Immunoinformatics Approach.Current computer-aided drug design · 2025Article
- Diphtheria antitoxin treatment: from pioneer to neglected.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Review
- Passive Immunisation in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Related to Highly Potent Bacterial Toxins.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Neutralizing anti-diphtheria toxin scFv produced by phage display.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Epitope Profiling of Diphtheria Toxoid Provides Enhanced Monitoring for Consistency Testing during Manufacturing Process Changes.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Dynamics of Human B-Cell Response at the Single-Cell Level in Response to Tdap Vaccination.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Diphtheria Antitoxin Administration, Outcomes, and Safety: Response to a Diphtheria Outbreak in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Production of IgY polyclonal antibody against diphtheria toxin and evaluation of its neutralization effect by Vero cell assay.BMC biotechnology · 2021Article
- Epitope Mapping of the Diphtheria Toxin and Development of an ELISA-Specific Diagnostic Assay.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Brain Delivery of Nanomedicines: Trojan Horse Liposomes for Plasmid DNA Gene Therapy of the Brain.Frontiers in medical technology · 2020Review
- Monoclonal antibodies as anti-infective products: a promising future?Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2019Review
- Severe diphtheria with neurologic and myocardial involvement in a Swedish patient: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Strategies Using Bio-Layer Interferometry Biosensor Technology for Vaccine Research and Development.Biosensors · 2017Review
- Development of human monoclonal antibodies to diphtheria toxin: A solution for the increasing lack of equine DAT for therapeutic use?Virulence · 2016Article
- Potency of a human monoclonal antibody to diphtheria toxin relative to equine diphtheria anti-toxin in a guinea pig intoxication model.Virulence · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) has been the cornerstone of the treatment of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection for more than 100 years. Although the global incidence of diphtheria has declined steadily over the last quarter of the 20th century, the disease remains endemic in many parts of the world, and significant outbreaks still occur. DAT is an equine polyclonal antibody that is not commercially available in the United States and is in short supply globally. A safer, more readily available alternative to DAT would be desirable. In the current study, we obtained human monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) directly from antibody-secreting cells in the circulation of immunized human volunteers. We isolated a panel of diverse hMAbs that recognized diphtheria toxoid, as well as a variety of recombinant protein fragments of diphtheria toxin. Forty-five unique hMAbs were tested for neutralization of diphtheria toxin in in vitro cytotoxicity assays with a 50% effective concentration of 0.65 ng/ml for the lead candidate hMAb, 315C4. In addition, 25 μg of 315C4 completely protected guinea pigs from intoxication in an in vivo lethality model, yielding an estimated relative potency of 64 IU/mg. In comparison, 1.6 IU of DAT was necessary for full protection from morbidity and mortality in this model. We further established that our lead candidate hMAb binds to the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin and physically blocks the toxin from binding to the putative receptor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. The discovery of a specific and potent human neutralizing antibody against diphtheria toxin holds promise as a potential therapeutic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.