Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23939887›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2013

Nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile protects hamsters against challenge with historic and epidemic strains of toxigenic BI/NAP1/027 C. difficile.

Kristin J Nagaro, S Tyler Phillips, Adam K Cheknis, Susan P Sambol, Walter E Zukowski, Stuart Johnson, Dale N Gerding

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Protection againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Non-ToxigenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Disordered Intestinal Microbial Communities DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Host Immune Responses toFrontiers in microbiology · 2021
    Review
  13. Characterization of Non-ToxigenicJournal of clinical medicine · 2020
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. RecurrentGut and liver · 2019
    Review
  19. Phenotypic Characterization of Non-toxigenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2019
    Article
  20. Evaluation of growth and sporulation of a non-toxigenic strain of Clostridioides difficile (Z31) and its shelf viability.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kristin J NagaroHines VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA.
S Tyler Phillips
Adam K Cheknis
Susan P Sambol
Walter E Zukowski
Stuart Johnson
Dale N Gerding
Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital · USLoyola University Chicago · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile (NTCD) has been shown to prevent fatal C. difficile infection in the hamster model when hamsters are challenged with standard toxigenic C. difficile strains. The purpose of this study was to determine if NTCD can prevent C. difficile infection in the hamster model when hamsters are challenged with restriction endonuclease analysis group BI C. difficile strains. Groups of 10 hamsters were given oral clindamycin, followed on day 2 by 10(6) CFU of spores of NTCD strain M3 or T7, and were challenged on day 5 with 100 CFU of spores of BI1 or BI6. To conserve animals, results for control hamsters challenged with BI1 or BI6 from the present study and controls from previous identical experiments were combined for statistical comparisons. NTCD strains M3 and T7 achieved 100% colonization and were 100% protective against challenge with BI1 (P ≤ 0.001). M3 colonized 9/10 hamsters and protected against BI6 challenge in the colonized hamsters (P = 0.0003). T7 colonized 10/10 hamsters, but following BI6 challenge, cocolonization occurred in 5 hamsters, 4 of which died, for protection of 6/10 animals (P = 0.02). NTCD colonization provides protection against challenge with toxigenic BI group strains. M3 is more effective than T7 in preventing C. difficile infection caused by the BI6 epidemic strain. Prevention of C. difficile infection caused by the epidemic BI6 strain may be more challenging than that of infections caused by historic BI1 and non-BI C. difficile strains.

Indexed as

Cross ProtectionImmunity, HeterologousAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsClindamycinClostridioides difficileCricetinaeEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousMaleMesocricetusSpores, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsClindamycin

Identifiers

PMID23939887
PMCPMC3811292
OpenAlexW2088842237

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.