Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23939022›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2014

Targeted drug delivery to intestinal macrophages by bioactive nanovesicles released from grapefruit.

Baomei Wang, Xiaoying Zhuang, Zhong-Bin Deng, Hong Jiang, Jingyao Mu, Qilong Wang, Xiaoyu Xiang, Haixun Guo, Lifeng Zhang, Gerald Dryden and 3 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04698447 (Effects of the Natural Supplement CitraVes Containing Nanovesicles Delivered From Citrus Limon), which is not on this map. Cited by 346 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
346citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04698447 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Effects of the Natural Supplement CitraVes Containing Nanovesicles Delivered From Citrus Limon (L.) Juice on Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of PalermoRan2019 to 2021Enrolled60ConditionsMetabolic Syndrome, Healthy VolunteersArmsNatural supplement containing nanovesicles delivered from Citrus Limon (L.) juice_MetS, Placebo (without any active ingredients), Natural supplement containing nanovesicles delivered from Citrus Limon (L.) juice_HS
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

346 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 553 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Citrus limon-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Hair Growth.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Green nanomedicine for cancer therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

286 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Baomei WangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Electronic address: B0wang06@louisville.edu.
Xiaoying ZhuangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Zhong-Bin DengJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Hong JiangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Jingyao MuJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Qilong WangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Xiaoyu XiangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Haixun GuoDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Lifeng ZhangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Gerald DrydenDepartment of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Jun YanJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Donald MillerJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Huang-Ge ZhangJames Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Louisville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Electronic address: H0Zhan17@louisville.edu.
University of Louisville · US

Funding

Curcumin reverses tumor exosomes-mediated inhibition of myeloid differentiationR01AT004294 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI ZHANG, HUANG-GE · 2007 to 2010
$1.4M
NCCIH NIH HHS R01 AT004294
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The gut mucosal immune system is considered to play an important role in counteracting potential adverse effects of food-derived antigens including nanovesicles. Whether nanovesicles naturally released from edible fruit work in a coordinated manner with gut immune cells to maintain the gut in a noninflammatory status is not known. Here, as proof of concept, we demonstrate that grapefruit-derived nanovesicles (GDNs) are selectively taken up by intestinal macrophages and ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis. These effects were mediated by upregulating the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inhibiting the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in intestinal macrophages. The inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, stability at wide ranges of pH values, and targeting of intestinal macrophages led us to further develop a novel GDN-based oral delivery system. Incorporating methotrexate (MTX), an anti-inflammatory drug, into GDNs and delivering the MTX-GDNs to mice significantly lowered the MTX toxicity when compared with free MTX, and remarkably increased its therapeutic effects in DSS-induced mouse colitis. These findings demonstrate that GDNs can serve as immune modulators in the intestine, maintain intestinal macrophage homeostasis, and can be developed for oral delivery of small molecule drugs to attenuate inflammatory responses in human disease.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCitrus paradisiColitisDextran SulfateDisease Models, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsGene Expression RegulationHeme Oxygenase-1HumansInflammatory Bowel DiseasesInterleukin-1betaIntestinal MucosaMacrophagesMaleMethotrexateAnti-Inflammatory AgentsDextran SulfateHeme Oxygenase-1Interleukin-1betaMethotrexatePlant ExtractsTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Identifiers

PMID23939022
PMCPMC3944329
OpenAlexW2134173784

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.