ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2013
Pushing the endogenous envelope.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- A High-Coverage Epitope-Based Vaccine Design for EIAV Envelope Polyprotein Using an Immunoinformatic Approach.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Gammaretrovirus Infections in Humans in the Past, Present, and Future: Have We Defeated the Pathogen?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Viviparity and beyond: captured endogenous retroviral envelope genes drive teleost physiological innovations.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Transcriptome mining reveals diversity and evolution of circulating and endogenous amphibian retroviruses.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Diversity and evolutionary history of endogenous retroviruses in the genome ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Conserved residues of the immunosuppressive domain of MLV are essential for regulating the fusion-critical SU-TM disulfide bond.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Receptor-recognition and antiviral mechanisms of retrovirus-derived human proteins.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Invasion and Amplification of Endogenous Retroviruses in Dasyuridae Marsupial Genomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of endogenous retroviruses in seasonal reproductive cycles: a case study of the ERV-V envelope gene in mink.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Envelope Recombination: A Major Driver in Shaping Retroviral Diversification and Evolution within the Host Genome.Viruses · 2023Review
- Unique Structure and Distinctive Properties of the Ancient and Ubiquitous Gamma-Type Envelope Glycoprotein.Viruses · 2023Review
- Long-term host-pathogen evolution of endogenous beta- and gammaretroviruses in mouse lemurs with little evidence of recent retroviral introgression.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Cross-species transmission of an ancient endogenous retrovirus and convergent co-option of its envelope gene in two mammalian orders.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Evolution and Genetic Diversity of the Retroviral Envelope in Anamniotes.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Deep-Time Structural Evolution of Retroviral and Filoviral Surface Envelope Proteins.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Biomedicine Markers.Virologica Sinica · 2021Review
- Patterns of Coevolutionary Adaptations across Time and Space in Mouse Gammaretroviruses and Three Restrictive Host Factors.Viruses · 2021Article
- A novel class III endogenous retrovirus with a class I envelope gene in African frogs with an intact genome and developmentally regulated transcripts in Xenopus tropicalis.Retrovirology · 2021Article
- Article
- Unexpected Discovery and Expression of Amphibian Class II Endogenous Retroviruses.Journal of virology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of retroviral envelope glycoproteins characterized to date are typical of type I viral fusion proteins, having a receptor binding subunit associated with a fusion subunit. The fusion subunits of lentiviruses and alpha-, beta-, delta- and gammaretroviruses have a very conserved domain organization and conserved features of secondary structure, making them suitable for phylogenetic analyses. Such analyses, along with sequence comparisons, reveal evidence of numerous recombination events in which retroviruses have acquired envelope glycoproteins from heterologous sequences. Thus, the envelope gene (env) can have a history separate from that of the polymerase gene (pol), which is the most commonly used gene in phylogenetic analyses of retroviruses. Focusing on the fusion subunits of the genera listed above, we describe three distinct types of retroviral envelope glycoproteins, which we refer to as gamma-type, avian gamma-type and beta-type. By tracing these types within the 'fossil record' provided by endogenous retroviruses, we show that they have surprisingly distinct evolutionary histories and dynamics, with important implications for cross-species transmissions and the generation of novel lineages. These findings validate the utility of env sequences in contributing phylogenetic signal that enlarges our understanding of retrovirus evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.