ArticleJournal of bacteriology2013
ppGpp metabolism is involved in heterocyst development in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dual-threshold system relying on multiple c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes controls cell fate of a cyanobacterium.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Suppressor analysis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Hacking heterocysts: advances in the genetic regulation of heterocyst differentiation.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Unravelling HetC as a peptidase-based ABC exporter driving functional cell differentiation in the cyanobacteriumMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- ppGpp accumulation reduces the expression of the global nitrogen homeostasis-modulating NtcA regulon by affecting 2-oxoglutarate levels.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Nitrogen-regulated antisense transcription in the adaptation to nitrogen deficiency inPNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Roles of second messengers in the regulation of cyanobacterial physiology: the carbon-concentrating mechanism and beyond.microLife · 2023Review
- Comparative Network Biology Discovers Protein Complexes That Underline Cellular Differentiation in Anabaena sp.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2022Article
- The Role of RelA and SpoT on ppGpp Production, Stress Response, Growth Regulation, and Pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Extraction and detection of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate in amino acid starvation cells of Clavibacter michiganensis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2021Article
- c-di-GMP Homeostasis Is Critical for Heterocyst Development inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Microbial community successions and their dynamic functions during harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a freshwater lake.Water research · 2020Article
- Stringent Response Regulates Stress Resistance in CyanobacteriumFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
- Transcriptome Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Article
- Survival strategies in the aquatic and terrestrial world: the impact of second messengers on cyanobacterial processes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2014Review
- Regulatory Tools for Controlling Gene Expression in Cyanobacteria.Advances in experimental medicine and biologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
When deprived of a combined-nitrogen source in the growth medium, the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Anabaena) can form heterocysts capable of nitrogen fixation. The process of heterocyst differentiation takes about 20 to 24 h, during which extensive metabolic and morphological changes take place. Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) is the signal of the stringent response that ensures cell survival by adjusting major cellular activities in response to nutrient starvation in bacteria, and ppGpp accumulates at the early stage of heterocyst differentiation (J. Akinyanju, R. J. Smith, FEBS Lett. 107:173-176, 1979; J Akinyanju, R. J. Smith, New Phytol. 105:117-122, 1987). Here we show that all1549 (here designated relana) in Anabaena, homologous to relA/spoT, is upregulated in response to nitrogen deprivation and predominantly localized in vegetative cells. The disruption of relana strongly affects the synthesis of ppGpp, and the resulting mutant, all1549Ωsp/sm, fails to form heterocysts and to grow in the absence of a combined-nitrogen source. This phenotype can be complemented by a wild-type copy of relana. Although the upregulation of hetR is affected in the mutant, ectopic overexpression of hetR cannot rescue the phenotype. However, we found that the mutant rapidly loses its viability, within a time window of 3 to 6 h, following the deprivation of combined nitrogen. We propose that ppGpp plays a major role in rebalancing the metabolic activities of the cells in the absence of the nitrogen source supply and that this regulation is necessary for filament survival and consequently for the success of heterocyst differentiation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.