Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23934781›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2014

Identification of subgroups of schizophrenia patients with changes in either immune or growth factor and hormonal pathways.

Emanuel Schwarz, Nico J M van Beveren, Jordan Ramsey, F Markus Leweke, Matthias Rothermundt, Bernhard Bogerts, Johann Steiner, Paul C Guest, Sabine Bahn

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In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  13. A subtype of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia characterized by pronounced subcortical and cognitive deficits.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Emanuel SchwarzDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;
Nico J M van BeverenDepartment of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
Jordan RamseyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;
F Markus Leweke
Matthias RothermundtDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany;
Bernhard BogertsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany;
Johann SteinerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany;
Paul C GuestDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;
Sabine BahnDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands sb209@cam.ac.uk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder normally diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. However, these criteria do not necessarily reflect differences in underlying molecular abnormalities of the disorder. Here, we have used multiplexed immunoassay analyses to measure immune molecules, growth factors, and hormones important to schizophrenia in acutely ill antipsychotic-naive patients (n = 180) and matched controls (n = 398). We found that using the resulting molecular profiles, we were capable of separating schizophrenia patients into 2 significantly distinct subgroups with predominant molecular abnormalities in either immune molecules or growth factors and hormones. These molecular profiles were tested using an independent cohort, and this showed the same separation into 2 subgroups. This suggests that distinct abnormalities occur in specific molecular pathways in schizophrenia patients. This may be of relevance for intervention studies that specifically target particular molecular mechanisms and could be a first step to further define the complex schizophrenia syndrome based on molecular profiles.

Indexed as

AdultCase-Control StudiesCytokinesFemaleHormonesHumansImmunoassayIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMaleSchizophreniaYoung AdultCytokinesHormonesIntercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteinsdiagnosisgrowth factorsimmune factorsmolecular profilingschizophreniasubtypes

Identifiers

PMID23934781
PMCPMC4059436

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.