ReviewOncogene2014
The Yin and Yang of Toll-like receptors in cancer.
Review in Oncogene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Individuals with Overweight or Obesity and Cancer.Obesity facts · 2025Guideline
- Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Toll-like Receptor 3 as a Context-Dependent Molecular Switch in Epithelial Cancers: Balancing Cell Death and Tumor-Supportive Programs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Role of Oral Pathobionts' Outer Membrane Vesicles in Cancer Pathology and Therapeutic Development.Cells · 2026Review
- Epidermal PPARγ Signaling as a Suppressor of Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Inflammation and Fibrosis: Relevance to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Radiomitigators: Breakthroughs in Post-Radiation Recovery.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Aronia Berry Extract Inhibits Cancer Stemness and Overcomes 5-Fluorouracil Resistance by Targeting TLR3/NF-κB Signaling in Colorectal Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis identifies TLRscore for prognostic prediction and highlights TLR8 in macrophage-mediated antitumor immunity of lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Influenza.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Host TLR4 activation by tenascin-C is associated with MMP14-dependent glioma invasion.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Enhancing anti-tumour immunity through modulating dendritic cell activation by combination therapy with a novel TLR2 agonist and PD-L1 Blockade.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Hemocytes facilitate interclonal cooperation-induced tumor malignancy by hijacking the innate immune system in Drosophila.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Inverse Regulation of TLR4 and PD-L1 Shapes the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Article
- Genistein enhances TLR3-mediated apoptosis and immune signaling in breast cancer cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Phosphorylated Toll-like receptor 3 nuclear translocation in cancer cell promotes metastasis and chemoresistance.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Poly(I:C) signaling induces robust CXCL10 production and apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.Human cell · 2025Article
- Sparstolonin B Suppresses Proliferation and Modulates Toll-like Receptor Signaling and Inflammatory Pathways in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor 3 activation enhances antitumor immune response in lung adenocarcinoma through NF-κB signaling pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recognition of non-self molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors is a cornerstone of innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) exert a key role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) but have also been implicated in the recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). As such, TLRs regulate a wide range of biological responses including inflammatory and immune responses during carcinogenesis. The high expression of TLRs by antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells, and their ability to induce antitumor mediators such as type I interferon has led to efforts to utilize TLR agonists in tumor therapy in order to convert the often tolerant immune response toward antitumor responses. However, TLRs are also increasingly recognized as regulators of tumor-promoting inflammation and promoters of tumor survival signals. Here, we will review in detail the dichotomous role of TLRs in tumor biology, focusing on relevant TLR-dependent pro- and antitumor pathways, and discuss clinical applications of TLR-targeted therapies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.