ArticleNature genetics2013
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs.
2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,165 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
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1,165citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
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What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Cohort Study of the Association Between Pregnancy Health and Offspring Developmental & Behavioral Outcomes(Multi-Centered)
The Role of Negr1 In Modulating Neuroplasticity in Major Depression (RONIN)
Who cites it
1,165 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- White matter microstructure in relatives of people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: an ENIGMA meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Common alterations of whole and subregion-specific amygdala intrinsic functional connectivity across psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Transdiagnostic Neurocognitive Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia, Bipolar I Disorder and a Broad Psychosis/Bipolar I Disorder Phenotype: A Mega-Analysis of Twin and Sibling Data.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Epigenetics of bipolar disorder: a bibliometric landscape and visualization analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating inflammatory proteins associated with risks of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a mendelian randomization study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Leveraging pleiotropy identifies common-variant associations with selective IgA deficiency.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parental Depression, Antidepressant Usage, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Stress and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic and phenotypic similarity across major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and quantitative assessment.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Common and distinct neural correlates of emotional processing in individuals at familial risk for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: A comparative meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Familial Risk for Schizophrenia vs Bipolar Disorder and Task-Based Neural Activation: A functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Meta-Analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics indexing genetic differences in bipolar disorder - a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Epigenetic signatures relating to disease-associated genotypic burden in familial risk of bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Shared genetic components between metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: Genetic correlation using multipopulation data sets.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Subjective response to alcohol in young adults with bipolar disorder and recent alcohol use: a within-subject randomized placebo-controlled alcohol administration study.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Oxytocin vs. placebo effects on intrusive memory consolidation using a trauma film paradigm: a randomized, controlled experimental study in healthy women.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Breaking the norm: population-scale deviations of brain structure in depression and anxiety.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk score for neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive impairment at long-term follow-up of first-episode psychosis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Genomic dimensions deconstruct the clinical heterogeneity of bipolar disorder.Research square · 2026Article
- The topology of adolescent mental health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
1,105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
372 authors.
Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics ConsortiumThe University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
S Hong Lee
Stephan Ripke
Benjamin M Neale
Stephen V Faraone
Shaun M Purcell
Roy H Perlis
Bryan J Mowry
Anita Thapar
Michael E Goddard
John S Witte
Devin Absher
Ingrid Agartz
Huda Akil
Farooq Amin
Ole A Andreassen
Adebayo Anjorin
Richard Anney
Verneri Anttila
Dan E Arking
Philip Asherson
Maria H Azevedo
Lena Backlund
Judith A Badner
Anthony J Bailey
Tobias Banaschewski
Jack D Barchas
Michael R Barnes
Thomas B Barrett
Nicholas Bass
Agatino Battaglia
Michael Bauer
Mònica Bayés
Frank Bellivier
Sarah E Bergen
Wade Berrettini
Catalina Betancur
Thomas Bettecken
Joseph Biederman
Elisabeth B Binder
Donald W Black
Douglas H R Blackwood
Cinnamon S Bloss
Michael Boehnke
Dorret I Boomsma
Gerome Breen
René Breuer
Richard Bruggeman
Paul Cormican
Nancy G Buccola
Jan K Buitelaar
William E Bunney
Joseph D Buxbaum
William F Byerley
Enda M Byrne
Sian Caesar
Wiepke Cahn
Rita M Cantor
Miguel Casas
Aravinda Chakravarti
Kimberly Chambert
Khalid Choudhury
Sven Cichon
C Robert Cloninger
David A Collier
Edwin H Cook
Hilary Coon
Bru Cormand
Aiden Corvin
William H Coryell
David W Craig
Ian W Craig
Jennifer Crosbie
Michael L Cuccaro
David Curtis
Darina Czamara
Susmita Datta
Geraldine Dawson
Richard Day
Eco J De Geus
Franziska Degenhardt
Srdjan Djurovic
Gary J Donohoe
Alysa E Doyle
Jubao Duan
Frank Dudbridge
Eftichia Duketis
Richard P Ebstein
Howard J Edenberg
Josephine Elia
Sean Ennis
Bruno Etain
Ayman Fanous
Anne E Farmer
I Nicol Ferrier
Matthew Flickinger
Eric Fombonne
Tatiana Foroud
Josef Frank
Barbara Franke
Christine Fraser
Robert Freedman
Nelson B Freimer
Christine M Freitag
Marion Friedl
Louise Frisén
Louise Gallagher
Pablo V Gejman
Lyudmila Georgieva
Elliot S Gershon
Daniel H Geschwind
Ina Giegling
Michael Gill
Scott D Gordon
Katherine Gordon-Smith
Elaine K Green
Tiffany A Greenwood
Dorothy E Grice
Magdalena Gross
Detelina Grozeva
Weihua Guan
Hugh Gurling
Lieuwe De Haan
Jonathan L Haines
Hakon Hakonarson
Joachim Hallmayer
Steven P Hamilton
Marian L Hamshere
Thomas F Hansen
Annette M Hartmann
Martin Hautzinger
Andrew C Heath
Anjali K Henders
Stefan Herms
Ian B Hickie
Maria Hipolito
Susanne Hoefels
Peter A Holmans
Florian Holsboer
Witte J Hoogendijk
Jouke-Jan Hottenga
Christina M Hultman
Vanessa Hus
Andrés Ingason
Marcus Ising
Stéphane Jamain
Edward G Jones
Ian Jones
Lisa Jones
Jung-Ying Tzeng
Anna K Kähler
René S Kahn
Radhika Kandaswamy
Matthew C Keller
James L Kennedy
Elaine Kenny
Lindsey Kent
Yunjung Kim
George K Kirov
Sabine M Klauck
Lambertus Klei
James A Knowles
Martin A Kohli
Daniel L Koller
Bettina Konte
Ania Korszun
Lydia Krabbendam
Robert Krasucki
Jonna Kuntsi
Phoenix Kwan
Mikael Landén
Niklas Långström
Mark Lathrop
Jacob Lawrence
William B Lawson
Marion Leboyer
David H Ledbetter
Phil H Lee
Todd Lencz
Klaus-Peter Lesch
Douglas F Levinson
Cathryn M Lewis
Jun Li
Paul Lichtenstein
Jeffrey A Lieberman
Dan-Yu Lin
Don H Linszen
Chunyu Liu
Falk W Lohoff
Sandra K Loo
Catherine Lord
Jennifer K Lowe
Susanne Lucae
Donald J MacIntyre
Pamela A F Madden
Elena Maestrini
Patrik K E Magnusson
Pamela B Mahon
Wolfgang Maier
Anil K Malhotra
Shrikant M Mane
Christa L Martin
Nicholas G Martin
Manuel Mattheisen
Keith Matthews
Morten Mattingsdal
Steven A McCarroll
Kevin A McGhee
James J McGough
Patrick J McGrath
Peter McGuffin
Melvin G McInnis
Andrew McIntosh
Rebecca McKinney
Alan W McLean
Francis J McMahon
William M McMahon
Andrew McQuillin
Helena Medeiros
Sarah E Medland
Sandra Meier
Ingrid Melle
Fan Meng
Jobst Meyer
Christel M Middeldorp
Lefkos Middleton
Vihra Milanova
Ana Miranda
Anthony P Monaco
Grant W Montgomery
Jennifer L Moran
Daniel Moreno-De-Luca
Gunnar Morken
Derek W Morris
Eric M Morrow
Valentina Moskvina
Pierandrea Muglia
Thomas W Mühleisen
Walter J Muir
Bertram Müller-Myhsok
Michael Murtha
Richard M Myers
Inez Myin-Germeys
Michael C Neale
Stan F Nelson
Caroline M Nievergelt
Ivan Nikolov
Vishwajit Nimgaonkar
Willem A Nolen
Markus M Nöthen
John I Nurnberger
Evaristus A Nwulia
Dale R Nyholt
Colm O'Dushlaine
Robert D Oades
Ann Olincy
Guiomar Oliveira
Line Olsen
Roel A Ophoff
Urban Osby
Michael J Owen
Aarno Palotie
Jeremy R Parr
Andrew D Paterson
Carlos N Pato
Michele T Pato
Brenda W Penninx
Michele L Pergadia
Margaret A Pericak-Vance
Benjamin S Pickard
Jonathan Pimm
Joseph Piven
Danielle Posthuma
James B Potash
Fritz Poustka
Peter Propping
Vinay Puri
Digby J Quested
Emma M Quinn
Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
Henrik B Rasmussen
Soumya Raychaudhuri
Karola Rehnström
Andreas Reif
Marta Ribasés
John P Rice
Marcella Rietschel
Kathryn Roeder
Herbert Roeyers
Lizzy Rossin
Aribert Rothenberger
Guy Rouleau
Douglas Ruderfer
Dan Rujescu
Alan R Sanders
Stephan J Sanders
Susan L Santangelo
Joseph A Sergeant
Russell Schachar
Martin Schalling
Alan F Schatzberg
William A Scheftner
Gerard D Schellenberg
Stephen W Scherer
Nicholas J Schork
Thomas G Schulze
Johannes Schumacher
Markus Schwarz
Edward Scolnick
Laura J Scott
Jianxin Shi
Paul D Shilling
Stanley I Shyn
Jeremy M Silverman
Susan L Slager
Susan L Smalley
Johannes H Smit
Erin N Smith
Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
David St Clair
Matthew State
Michael Steffens
Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
John S Strauss
Jana Strohmaier
T Scott Stroup
James S Sutcliffe
Peter Szatmari
Szabocls Szelinger
Srinivasa Thirumalai
Robert C Thompson
Alexandre A Todorov
Federica Tozzi
Jens Treutlein
Manfred Uhr
Edwin J C G van den Oord
Gerard Van Grootheest
Jim Van Os
Astrid M Vicente
Veronica J Vieland
John B Vincent
Peter M Visscher
Christopher A Walsh
Thomas H Wassink
Stanley J Watson
Myrna M Weissman
Thomas Werge
Thomas F Wienker
Ellen M Wijsman
Gonneke Willemsen
Nigel Williams
A Jeremy Willsey
Stephanie H Witt
Wei Xu
Allan H Young
Timothy W Yu
Stanley Zammit
Peter P Zandi
Peng Zhang
Frans G Zitman
Sebastian Zöllner
Bernie Devlin
John R Kelsoe
Pamela Sklar
Mark J Daly
Michael C O'Donovan
Nicholas Craddock
Patrick F Sullivan
Jordan W Smoller
Kenneth S Kendler
Naomi R Wray
International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC)
Funding
Autism Genetics, Phase II: Increasing Representation of Human DiversityR01MH100027 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GESCHWIND, DANIEL H · 2013 to 2024
$31.7MIdentification of Genes Involved in Major Mood DisordersZIAMH002843 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MCMAHON, FRANCIS J · 2009 to 2025
$24.5MUniversity of Michigan Training Program in Genomic ScienceT32HG000040 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sebastian Zoellner · 1995 to 2026
$16.4MGenomic Psychiatry CohortR01MH085548 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PATO, CARLOS N, PATO, MICHELE T · 2008 to 2012
$16.3MUW Autism Center of ExcellenceP50HD055782 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI ABBOTT, ROBERT D · 2007 to 2011
$11.0MEstimating the genetic and environmental architecture of psychiatric disordersR01MH100141 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI KELLER, MATTHEW CHARLES · 2013 to 2022
$5.3MTHE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN IRELANDR01MH041953 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENDLER, KENNETH SEEDMAN · 1987 to 2008
$5.2MSTATISTICAL METHODS IN CURRENT CANCER RESEARCHR01CA082659 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI LIN, DANYU · 2000 to 2016
$3.7MA genome-wide association study of schizophrenia in IrelandR01MH083094 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI RILEY, BRIEN P · 2008 to 2011
$3.5MGENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERPLAY IN ALCOHOLISMK05AA017688 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HEATH, ANDREW C. · 2008 to 2017
$1.9M1/3 - Sequencing Autism Spectrum Disorder Extended PedigreesR01MH094400 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI COON, HILARY · 2012 to 2016
$1.5M2/3 Sequencing Autism Spectrum Disorder Extended PedigreesR01MH094293 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WIJSMAN, ELLEN M · 2012 to 2016
$1.1MChief Scientist Office CZB/4/540Chief Scientist Office ETM/137Chief Scientist Office ETM/75Medical Research Council G0600329Medical Research Council G0601030Medical Research Council G0701420Medical Research Council G0800675Medical Research Council G0800759Medical Research Council G1000632Medical Research Council G1000708Medical Research Council G1000718Medical Research Council G9810900NCI NIH HHS R01 CA082659NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000040NIAAA NIH HHS K05 AA017688NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD055782NIMH NIH HHS K24 MH094614NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH101367NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH041953NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH083094NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085548NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094293NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094400NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH100027NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH100141NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH085520Wellcome Trust 090532
Abstract
Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 ± 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 ± 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 ± 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 ± 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 ± 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn's disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders.
Indexed as
Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBipolar DisorderChildChild Development Disorders, PervasiveCrohn DiseaseGenetic HeterogeneityGenome, HumanHumansInheritance PatternsMajor Depressive DisorderMental DisordersSchizophrenia
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NCT04017286ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06131268ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.