ArticleThe Science of the total environment2014
Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at four U.S. wastewater treatment plants that provide effluent for reuse.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surveillance of drug resistance and drug resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. from migratory birds in Nansha Wetland Park, Guangzhou, China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dirty habits: potential for spread of antibiotic-resistance by black-headed gulls from waste-water treatment plants.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- TracingMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Enterococci,Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Towards the standardization ofWater research X · 2022Review
- Degradation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Exposure to Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Persistence of Antibiotic-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Antimicrobial Residues in Wastewater and Surface Water.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water and Its Impact on Global Food Safety.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Prevalence of Virulent and Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci in River Water and in Treated and Untreated Municipal and Hospital Wastewater.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Treatment Processes for Microbial Resistance Mitigation: The Technological Contribution to Tackle the Problem of Antibiotic Resistance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Revealing antimicrobial resistance in stormwater with MinION.Chemosphere · 2020Article
- Quantification and Multidrug Resistance Profiles of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Same Municipality.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- High incidence of virulence determinants, aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistance in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients in Northwest Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Virulence profiles of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from surface and ground water utilized by humans in the North West Province, South Africa: a public health perspective.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Tracing back multidrug-resistant bacteria in fresh herb production: from chive to source through the irrigation water chain.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2018Article
- Metagenomics Reveals the Impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants on the Dispersal of Microorganisms and Genes in Aquatic Sediments.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospital Wastewater in Vietnam.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, can occur in wastewater. However, to date, no previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of VRE at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that send their treated effluent to reuse sites. We evaluated the occurrence, concentration, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of VRE at U.S. WWTPs associated with reuse sites. We collected 44 wastewater samples, representing treatment steps from influent to effluent, from two Mid-Atlantic and two Midwest WWTPs between October 2009 and October 2010. Samples were analyzed for total enterococci and VRE using membrane filtration. Isolates were confirmed using biochemical tests and PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Sensititre microbroth dilution. Data were analyzed by two-sample proportion tests and analysis of variance. We detected VRE in 27% (12/44) of all wastewater samples collected and VRE represented 3% of total enterococci detected at all WWTPs. More samples were VRE-positive from the Mid-Atlantic compared to the Midwest WWTPs (p=0.008). VRE concentrations decreased as treatment progressed at all WWTPs, except at Mid-Atlantic WWTP1 where there was an increase in VRE concentrations in activated sludge reactor samples. VRE were not detected in chlorinated effluent, but were detected in one un-chlorinated effluent sample. All unique VRE isolates were multidrug resistant. Fifty-five percent (12/22) of the isolates displayed high-level aminoglycoside resistance. Our findings show that chlorination reduces the occurrence of VRE in wastewater. However, WWTP workers could be exposed to VRE during wastewater treatment. Our data also raise potential concerns about VRE exposure among individuals who come into contact with un-chlorinated reclaimed water.
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Registered trials
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