ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research2013
Aging is not a disease: distinguishing age-related macular degeneration from aging.
Review in Progress in retinal and eye research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 141 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Clustering of eyes with age-related macular degeneration or pachychoroid spectrum diseases based on choroidal thickness profile.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Exploring Endotoxemia in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Differential Effects of Retinal Fatty Acids Under Oxidative Stress Reveal DHA's Susceptibility to Ferroptosis and Polarity Disruption in iPSC Derived RPE Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Chronic dental lighting disrupts blood-retinal barrier homeostasis via vascular and inflammatory pathways.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Histologic and Morphometric Comparison of Drusen Associated With Chronic Retinal Detachment and Aging-Associated Drusen.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Age-related Macular Degeneration: New Insights from Mendelian Randomization.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Subtle outer retinal and choroidal alterations in patients at high risk of progression to age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- MetaLigand provides a prior-knowledge-guided framework for predicting non-peptide ligand mediated cell-cell communication.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells protect against blue light-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells by inhibiting FGF2 expression.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Single-cell transcriptome atlas of spontaneous dry age-related macular degeneration in macaques.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- Loss of Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor Sensitizes C57BL/6J Mice to Light-Induced Retinal Damage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Sema4D Knockout Attenuates Choroidal Neovascularization by Inhibiting M2 Macrophage Polarization Via Regulation of the RhoA/ROCK Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Understanding the Impact of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: disease pathogenesis and current state of molecular biomarkers predicting treatment response-a scoping review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Calpain-specific breakdown fragment in human drusen.Histology and histopathology · 2024Article
- Age-Related RPE changes in Wildtype C57BL/6J Mice between 2 and 32 Months.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Multi-modal transcriptomics: integrating machine learning and convolutional neural networks to identify immune biomarkers in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- A Novel Bispecific Anti-IL17/VEGF Fusion Trap Exhibits Potent and Long-Lasting Inhibitory Effects on the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Biochemistry research international · 2024Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease of the outer retina, characterized most significantly by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium accompanied with or without choroidal neovascularization. Development of AMD has been recognized as contingent on environmental and genetic risk factors, the strongest being advanced age. In this review, we highlight pathogenic changes that destabilize ocular homeostasis and promote AMD development. With normal aging, photoreceptors are steadily lost, Bruch's membrane thickens, the choroid thins, and hard drusen may form in the periphery. In AMD, many of these changes are exacerbated in addition to the development of disease-specific factors such as soft macular drusen. Para-inflammation, which can be thought of as an intermediate between basal and robust levels of inflammation, develops within the retina in an attempt to maintain ocular homeostasis, reflected by increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 coupled with shifts in macrophage plasticity from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 polarization. In AMD, imbalances in the M1 and M2 populations together with activation of retinal microglia are observed and potentially contribute to tissue degeneration. Nonetheless, the retina persists in a state of chronic inflammation and increased expression of certain cytokines and inflammasomes is observed. Since not everyone develops AMD, the vital question to ask is how the body establishes a balance between normal age-related changes and the pathological phenotypes in AMD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.