ArticleAvicenna journal of medicine2013
Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Spectrum of opportunistic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases.
Article in Avicenna journal of medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nocardiosis Associated with Primary Immunodeficiencies (Nocar-DIP): an International Retrospective Study and Literature Review.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Tuberculosis in the Context of Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: A Case Report and Literature Review.The American journal of case reports · 2026Review
- Cryptococcus: Emerging host risk factors for infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Disseminated Nocardiosis in Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: A Rare Case and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Review
- Lupus nephritis association with idiopathic CD4 + T lymphocytopenia: a case report of a young man with recalcitrant warts.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Review
- Disseminated Cryptococcus over pancreas, lung, and brain: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Concomitant Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus equinus brain abscess in an immunocompetent individual: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Predictive Model for Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia after Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study.Hematology reports · 2024Article
- Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with idiopathic CD4 + T lymphocytopenia presenting as prostate and adrenal nodules: diagnosis from pathology and mNGS, a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Cryptococcal meningitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Complement factor H Y402H polymorphism results in diminishing CD4Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Phenotypically Normal Patients.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopaenia withBMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Nomogram for Predicting Early Mortality after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Acute Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Patient With Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: A Rare Clinical Entity.Cureus · 2023Article
- Severe cytopenia during adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer in a patient with idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Clinical presentation of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in DisseminatedOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) was first defined in 1992 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the repeated presence of a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of fewer than 300 cells per cubic millimeter or of less than 20% of total T cells with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and no condition that might cause depressed CD4 counts. Most of our knowledge about ICL comes from scattered case reports. The aim of this study was to collect comprehensive data from the previously published cases to understand the characteristics of this rare condition. We searched the PubMed database and Science Direct for case reports since 1989 for Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia cases. We found 258 cases diagnosed with ICL in 143 published papers. We collected data about age, sex, pathogens, site of infections, CD4 count, CD8 count, CD4:CD8 ratio, presence of HIV risk factors, malignancies, autoimmune diseases and whether the patients survived or died. The mean age at diagnosis of first opportunistic infection (or ICL if no opportunistic infection reported) was 40.7 ± 19.2 years (standard deviation), with a range of 1 to 85. One-sixty (62%) patients were males, 91 (35.2%) were females, and 7 (2.7%) patients were not identified whether males or females. Risk factors for HIV were documented in 36 (13.9%) patients. The mean initial CD4 count was 142.6 ± 103.9/mm(3) (standard deviation). The mean initial CD8 count was 295 ± 273.6/mm(3) (standard deviation). The mean initial CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.6 ± 0.7 (standard deviation). The mean lowest CD4 count was 115.4 ± 87.1/mm(3) (standard deviation). The majority of patients 226 (87.6%) had at least one infection. Cryptococcal infections were the most prevalent infections in ICL patients (26.6%), followed by mycobacterial infections (17%), candidal infections (16.2%), and VZV infections (13.1%). Malignancies were reported in 47 (18.1%) patients. Autoimmune diseases were reported in 37 (14.2%) patients.
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