Trial reportStroke2013
Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor levels are associated with risk of stroke and vascular brain injury: Framingham Study.
Trial report in Stroke, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of three aerobic exercise modalities (walking, running, and cycling) on circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential biomarker in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Poststroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Serum BDNF Levels in Acute Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Health Benefits of Endurance Training: Implications of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-A Systematic Review.Neural plasticity · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of a Brain-Computer Interface-Operated Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot on Motor Function Recovery in Patients with Stroke.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Trial
- Genetic regulation of platelet-derived BDNF by rs11030119: discrepancy between circulating levels and hemostatic function.Genes and immunity · 2026Article
- Neurotrophins Plasma Levels Kinetics in Ischemic Stroke Patients-Potential Relation to Outcomes.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Linking inflammatory and structural neuroimaging biomarkers in treatment-resistant depression: Current evidence and emerging hypotheses.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Edaravone dextrocamphorol combined with intravenous thrombolysis enhances recovery in acute ischemic stroke.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Emerging biomarkers and frontier therapies: unveiling the role of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Ischemic Stroke and the Biological Hallmarks of Aging.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Obesity and Environmental Risk Factors Significantly Modify the Association between Ischemic Stroke and the Hero ChaperoneLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The association between levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and comorbid depression in patients with cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Soluble Biomarkers of Cerebrovascular Pathologies.Stroke · 2024Review
- Relationship between physical activity and cerebral white matter hyperintensity volumes in older adults with depressive symptoms and mild memory impairment: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Myocardial Disorders in BDNF-Deficient Rats: Limited Recovery Post-Moderate Endurance Training.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Peripheral blood diagnostic markers of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a major neurotrophin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have a documented role in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuronal survival. In animal experiments, they impact infarct size and functional motor recovery after an ischemic brain lesion. We sought to examine the association of serum BDNF and VEGF with the risk of clinical stroke or subclinical vascular brain injury in a community-based sample.
methodsIn 3440 Framingham Study participants (mean age, 65±11 years; 56% women) who were free of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), we related baseline BDNF and logVEGF to risk of incident stroke/TIA. In a subsample with brain MRI and with neuropsychological tests available (n=1863 and 2104, respectively; mean age, 61±9 years, 55% women, in each), we related baseline BDNF and logVEGF to log-white matter hyperintensity volume on brain MRI, and to visuospatial memory and executive function tests.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 10 years, 193 participants experienced incident stroke/TIA. In multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex, and traditional stroke risk factors, lower BDNF and higher logVEGF levels were associated with an increased risk of incident stroke/TIA (hazard ratio comparing BDNF Q1 versus Q2-Q4, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.00; P=0.012 and hazard ratio/SD increase in logVEGF, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.40; P=0.012). Persons with higher BDNF levels had less log-white matter hyperintensity volume (β±SE=-0.05±0.02; P=0.025), and better visual memory (β±SE=0.18±0.07; P=0.005).
conclusionsLower serum BDNF and higher VEGF concentrations were associated with increased risk of incident stroke/TIA. Higher levels of BDNF were also associated with less white matter hyperintensity and better visual memory. Our findings suggest that circulating BDNF and VEGF levels modify risk of clinical and subclinical vascular brain injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.