ArticleWiener klinische Wochenschrift2013
Pneumococcal urinary antigen positivity in healthy colonized children: is it age dependent?
Article in Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking Pneumococcal Urinary Antigen Testing in the Emergency Department: From Reflex Testing to Reasoned Use.Cureus · 2026Article
- Clinically Adjudicated Reference Standards for Evaluation of Infectious Diseases Diagnostics.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Whole genome sequencing of macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A sequence type 416.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Molecular characterization of serogroup 19Journal of medical microbiology · 2018Article
- Pediatric Clinical Microbiology: It's the Little Things.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumococcal urinary antigen test is a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis in adults. Its use in children is generally not accepted because of nonspecificity at this age. It is frequently positive in asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers. The aim of our study was to assess the age limit from which the test is no longer positive in asymptomatic healthy carriers.
methodsA total of 197 children aged 36-83 months attending 9 day care centers in Prague were enrolled during February and March 2010. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from each participant and selectively cultivated. The presence of pneumococcal antigen in urine was detected by BinaxNOW® S. pneumoniae kit.
resultsStreptococcus pneumoniae was cultivated in 53.3 % of healthy children with the highest colonization rate (59.3 %) in children aged 48-59 months. The most frequently colonizing serotypes were: 19F, 23F, 3, 19A, 6B and 4. The presence of pneumococcal antigen in urine decreased with age from 39.0 % in 36-47 months to 17.9 % in 72-83 months old (p = 0.031). The antigen positivity was serotype-dependent and more frequent in nonvaccinated children.
conclusionWe demonstrated age-dependent linear decrease of pneumococcal antigen excretion into urine in healthy children. The positivity rate of the test in children aged 72-83 months was similar to that referred in healthy adults, irrespective of colonization. To confirm this age limit for use of this test in diagnostics of pneumococcal diseases, further study in school-age children is justified.
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