ArticleCell death & disease2013
Anti-androgen receptor ASC-J9 versus anti-androgens MDV3100 (Enzalutamide) or Casodex (Bicalutamide) leads to opposite effects on prostate cancer metastasis via differential modulation of macrophage infiltration and STAT3-CCL2 signaling.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Impact of Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases on Enzalutamide and Abiraterone Treatment in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.JMA journal · 2026Trial
- The Lowest PSA Level Achieved Before CRPC Predicts Abiraterone Response But Not Enzalutamide Response in Metastatic CRPC.The Prostate · 2026Trial
- Sequential Enzalutamide-Docetaxel Versus Abiraterone-Docetaxel Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Subanalysis of the ENABLE Study.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Trial
- Fibroblast-mediated KRAS activation in double-negative prostate cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- HIF1 inhibition targets tumoral and myeloid cells, and is a promising therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Androgen Receptor-Controlled microRNA-124-3p.2 Suppresses Prostate Cancer Progression via CCL2 Inhibition.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Molecular Iodine Induces Anti- and Pro-Neoplastic Effects in Prostate Cancer Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- ADT increases prostate cancer cell invasion via altering AR/SALL4/SOX2-OCT4 stem cell signaling.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Article
- Androgen aggravates aortic aneurysms via suppression of PD-1 in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Epigenetic underpinnings of tumor-immune dynamics in prostate cancer immune suppression.Trends in cancer · 2024Review
- Downregulation of EZH2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer.The Prostate · 2023Article
- Suppression of androgen receptor signaling induces prostate cancer migration via activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Osteoid cell-derived chemokines drive bone-metastatic prostate cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- The Role of MRE11 in the IL-6/STAT3 Pathway of Lung Cancer Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Review
- mMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Focus on the tumor microenvironment: A seedbed for neuroendocrine prostateFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- AR Structural Variants and Prostate Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) suppression of prostate cancer (PCa) growth, its overall effects on PCa metastasis remain unclear. Using human (C4-2B/THP1) and mouse (TRAMP-C1/RAW264.7) PCa cells-macrophages co-culture systems, we found currently used anti-androgens, MDV3100 (enzalutamide) or Casodex (bicalutamide), promoted macrophage migration to PCa cells that consequently led to enhanced PCa cell invasion. In contrast, the AR degradation enhancer, ASC-J9, suppressed both macrophage migration and subsequent PCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection showed that Casodex/MDV3100 reduced the AR-mediated PIAS3 expression and enhanced the pSTAT3-CCL2 pathway. Addition of CCR2 antagonist reversed the Casodex/MDV3100-induced macrophage migration and PCa cell invasion. In contrast, ASC-J9 could regulate pSTAT3-CCL2 signaling using two pathways: an AR-dependent pathway via inhibiting PIAS3 expression and an AR-independent pathway via direct inhibition of the STAT3 phosphorylation/activation. These findings were confirmed in the in vivo mouse model with orthotopically injected TRAMP-C1 cells. Together, these results may raise the potential concern about the currently used ADT with anti-androgens that promotes PCa metastasis and may provide some new and better therapeutic strategies using ASC-J9 alone or a combinational therapy that simultaneously targets androgens/AR signaling and PIAS3-pSTAT3-CCL2 signaling to better battle PCa growth and metastasis at castration-resistant stage.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.