ArticleJournal of virology2013
The genome-packaging signal of the influenza A virus genome comprises a genome incorporation signal and a genome-bundling signal.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Structural View of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complex and Its Functions.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- High-throughput single-virion DNA-PAINT reveals structural diversity, cooperativity, and flexibility during selective packaging in influenza.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The 5'-end segment-specific noncoding region of influenza A virus regulates both competitive multi-segment RNA transcription and selective genome packaging during infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Understanding the landscape of cross-species transmission, epidemiology, phylogenetics, and antigenicity of HPAI strain A(H5N1) causing a recent outbreak in the USA.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Analysis of NS2-dependent effects on influenza PB1 segment extends replication requirements beyond the canonical promoter.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Expressing Reporter Genes from the Viral NS Segment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Incompatible packaging signals and impaired protein functions hinder reassortment of bat H17N10 or H18N11 segment 7 with human H1N1 influenza A viruses.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Review
- Sequential disruption of SPLASH-identified vRNA-vRNA interactions challenges their role in influenza A virus genome packaging.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Incomplete bunyavirus particles can cooperatively support virus infection and spread.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Influenza A virus undergoes compartmentalized replication in vivo dominated by stochastic bottlenecks.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Contribution of RNA-RNA Interactions Mediated by the Genome Packaging Signals for the Selective Genome Packaging of Influenza A Virus.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Library-based analysis reveals segment and length dependent characteristics of defective influenza genomes.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Semi-continuous Propagation of Influenza A Virus and Its Defective Interfering Particles: Analyzing the Dynamic Competition To Select Candidates for Antiviral Therapy.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Review
- Selective Genome Packaging Mechanisms of Influenza A Viruses.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Visualizing the ribonucleoprotein content of single bunyavirus virions reveals more efficient genome packaging in the arthropod host.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The influenza A virus genome comprises eight single-stranded negative-sense RNA segments (vRNAs). All eight vRNAs are selectively packaged into each progeny virion via so-called segment-specific genome-packaging signal sequences that are located in the noncoding and terminal coding regions of both the 3' and the 5' ends of the vRNAs. However, it remains unclear how these signals ensure that eight different vRNAs are packaged. Here, by using a reverse genetics system, we demonstrated that, in the absence of the other seven vRNAs, a recombinant NP vRNA bearing only a reporter gene flanked by the noncoding NP regions was incorporated into virus-like particles (VLPs) as efficiently as a recombinant NP vRNA bearing the reporter gene flanked by the complete NP packaging signals (i.e., the noncoding sequences and the terminal coding regions). Viruses that comprised a recombinant NP vRNA whose packaging signal was disrupted, and the remaining seven authentic vRNAs, did not undergo multiple cycles of replication; however, a recombinant NP vRNA with only the noncoding regions was readily incorporated into VLPs, suggesting that the packaging signal as currently defined is not necessarily essential for the packaging of the vRNA in which it resides; rather, it is required for the packaging of the full set of vRNAs. We propose that the 3' and 5' noncoding regions of each vRNA bear a virion incorporation signal for that vRNA and that the terminal coding regions serve as a bundling signal that ensures the incorporation of the complete set of eight vRNAs into the virion.
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