Observational studyInternational journal of environmental research and public health2013
Relationship between retinal vascular caliber and coronary artery disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Observational study in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Obesity facts · 2024Guideline
- Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with major adverse cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Assessing the Correlation Between Retinal Arteriolar Bifurcation Parameters and Coronary Atherosclerosis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Atherosclerotic burden and cerebral small vessel disease: exploring the link through microvascular aging and cerebral microhemorrhages.GeroScience · 2024Review
- Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid media-intima thickness: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.Health science reports · 2023Article
- New Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Liver fibrosis and retinal features in an older Mediterranean population: Results from the Salus in Apulia study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Reliability of retinal vessel calibre measurements using a retinal oximeter.BMC ophthalmology · 2015Article
- Association between retinal artery lesions and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Hepatology international · 2015Article
- Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis.International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2015Article
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and vascular disease: state-of-the-art.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its association to cardiovascular disease: A comprehensive meta-analysis.JRSM cardiovascular diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the relationship between retinal vascular caliber and cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients without diabetes and hypertension.
methodsIntention to treat study of individuals who underwent cardiac computed tomography (CT) during a two year period. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as stenosis of >50% in at least one major coronary artery. Liver and spleen density were measured by abdominal (CT); intima-media thickness (IMT) by Doppler ultrasound; retinal artery and vein diameter by colored-retinal angiography; and metabolic syndrome by ATP III guidelines. Serum biomarkers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidant-antioxidant status were assessed.
resultsCompared with 22 gender and age matched controls, the 29 NAFLD patients showed higher prevalence of coronary plaques (70% vs. 30%, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of coronary stenosis (30% vs. 15%, p < 0.001), lower retinal arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) (0.66 ± 0.06 vs. 0.71 ± 0.02, p < 0.01), higher IMT (0.98 ± 0.3 vs. 0.83 ± 0.1, p < 0.04), higher carotid plaques (60% vs. 40%, p < 0.001), higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) (4.0 ± 3.4 vs. 2.0 ± 1.0, p < 0.005), and higher triglyceride levels (200 ± 80 vs. 150 ± 60, p < 0.005) than controls. Multivariate analysis showed fatty liver (OR 2.5; p < 0.01), IMT (OR 2.3 p < 0.001), and retinal AVR ratio (OR 1.5, p < 0.01) to be strongly associated with CAD independent of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.2, p < 0.05).
conclusionsPatients with smaller retinal AVR (<0.7) are likely to be at increased risk for CAD and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with NAFLD even without hypertension or diabetes.
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Registered trials
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