Trial reportJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)2013
Evaluation of ipilimumab in combination with allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells transfected with a GM-CSF gene in previously treated pancreatic cancer.
Trial report in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00836407 (A Phase Ib Trial Evaluating the Safety and Feasibility of Ipilimumab), which is not on this map. Cited by 339 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase Ib Trial Evaluating the Safety and Feasibility of Ipilimumab (BMS-734016) Alone or in Combination With Allogeneic Pancreatic Tumor Cells Transfected With a GM-CSF Gene for the Treatment of Locally Advanced, Unresectable or Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Who cites it
339 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 550 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta analysis of clinical outcomes.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Utility of cell-based vaccines as cancer therapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Ipilimumab-Induced Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Drug safety · 2020Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pituitary-adrenal dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2019Pooled it
- A phase 2 trial of CXCR4 antagonism and PD1 inhibition in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma reveals recruitment of T cells but also immunosuppressive macrophages.Oncoimmunology · 2025Trial
- Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Vaccine-Induced Intratumoral Lymphoid Aggregates Correlate with Survival Following Treatment with a Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Vaccine in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Trial
- A Phase II Study of Allogeneic GM-CSF-Transfected Pancreatic Tumor Vaccine (GVAX) with Ipilimumab as Maintenance Treatment for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of Cyclophosphamide/GVAX Pancreas Followed by Listeria-Mesothelin (CRS-207) with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Re-induction using whole cell melanoma vaccine genetically modified to melanoma stem cells-like beyond recurrence extends long term survival of high risk resected patients - updated results.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2018Trial
- Review
- Review
- A Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab plus Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Advanced Biliary Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Oncogenic Kras targeting with MRTX1133 or Daraxonrasib specifically synergize with anti-CTLA4 to promote anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Understanding the dual role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the lung cancer tumor microenvironment and its therapeutic implications.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Advances, Challenges, and Emerging Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- POLQ-driven repair scars shape the immunogenic landscape of homologous recombination-deficient pancreatic cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Evaluating mesothelin as an immunotherapeutic target for endogenous T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Preclinical reports support the concept of synergy between cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade in nonimmunogenic tumors. In particular, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies have been successfully combined with GM-CSF cell-based vaccines (GVAX). Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) has been tested as a single agent in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) resulting in a delayed response at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Our study evaluated ipilimumab 10 mg/kg (arm 1) and ipilimumab 10 mg/kg + GVAX (arm 2). A total of 30 patients with previously treated advanced PDA were randomized (1:1). Induction doses were administered every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses followed by maintenance dosing every 12 weeks. Two patients in arm 1 showed evidence of stable disease (7 and 22 wk) but none demonstrated CA19-9 biochemical responses. In contrast, 3 patients in arm 2 had evidence of prolonged disease stabilization (31, 71, and 81 wk) and 7 patients experienced CA19-9 declines. In 2 of these patients, disease stabilization occurred after an initial period of progression. The median overall survival (OS) (3.6 vs. 5.7 mo, hazards ratio: 0.51, P = 0.072) and 1 year OS (7 vs. 27%) favored arm 2. Similar to prior ipilimumab studies, 20% of patients in each arm had grade 3/4 immune-related adverse events. Among patients with OS > 4.3 months, there was an increase in the peak mesothelin-specific T cells (P = 0.014) and enhancement of the T-cell repertoire (P = 0.031). In conclusion, checkpoint blockade in combination with GVAX has the potential for clinical benefit and should be evaluated in a larger study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.