ReviewNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2014
Reversible nerve conduction block using kilohertz frequency alternating current.
Review in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and Safety of Kilohertz Frequency Alternating Current with Non-Invasive Electrodes for Treatment of Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Trial
- Primary 3-Month Outcomes of a Double-Blind Randomized Prospective Study (The QUEST Study) Assessing Effectiveness and Safety of Novel High-Frequency Electric Nerve Block System for Treatment of Post-Amputation Pain.Journal of pain research · 2024Trial
- 20-kHz alternating current stimulation: effects on motor and somatosensory thresholds.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Differential Tissue-Coupled Powering for Battery-Free Injectable Electroceuticals.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Computational modelling of the suppression of optic nerve fibre.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Review of Soft Robotic Gloves and Functional Electrical Stimulation Affecting Hand Function Rehabilitation for Stroke Patients.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Wireless and bioresorbable triboelectric nerve block system for postoperative pain control.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Influence of Sacral and Thoracolumbar Spinal Nerve Electrical Stimulation on Colonic Motility in Anesthetized Yucatan Male Pigs.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Application of kilohertz-frequency block to mitigate off-target motor effects of vagus nerve stimulation in swine.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The same biophysical mechanism is involved in both temporal interference and direct kHz stimulation of peripheral nerves.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The effect of high frequency sacral nerve stimulation on lower urinary tract function in awake, healthy animals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Closed-loop electrical block of vagus nerve scales from rodent to porcine cardiac models.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Subthreshold Effects of Low-Frequency Alternating Current on Nerve Conduction Delay.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Fascicle-selective kilohertz-frequency neural conduction block with longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Investigating the Feasibility and Safety of Osseointegration With Neural Interfaces for Advanced Prosthetic Control.Cureus · 2025Review
- Altius electrical nerve stimulation for post-amputation pain treatment: a comprehensive review.Pain management · 2025Review
- Bioelectronic block of stellate ganglia mitigates pacing-induced heterogeneous release of catecholamine and neuropeptide Y in the infarcted pig heart.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Temporal properties of transcutaneous direct current motor conduction block.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Kilohertz electrical stimulation evokes robust cellular responses like conventional frequencies but distinct population dynamics.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Stability of sputtered iridium oxide neural microelectrodes under kilohertz frequency pulsed stimulation.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe features and clinical applications of balanced-charge kilohertz frequency alternating currents (KHFAC) are reviewed. Preclinical studies of KHFAC block have demonstrated that it can produce an extremely rapid and reversible block of nerve conduction. Recent systematic analysis and experimentation utilizing KHFAC block have resulted in a significant increase in interest in KHFAC block, both scientifically and clinically. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe review the history and characteristics of KHFAC block, the methods used to investigate this type of block, the experimental evaluation of block, and the electrical parameters and electrode designs needed to achieve successful block. We then analyze the existing clinical applications of high-frequency currents, comparing the early results with the known features of KHFAC block.
resultsAlthough many features of KHFAC block have been characterized, there is still much that is unknown regarding the response of neural structures to rapidly fluctuating electrical fields. The clinical reports to date do not provide sufficient information to properly evaluate the mechanisms that result in successful or unsuccessful treatment.
conclusionsKHFAC nerve block has significant potential as a means of controlling nerve activity for the purpose of treating disease. However, early clinical studies in the use of high-frequency currents for the treatment of pain have not been designed to elucidate mechanisms or allow direct comparisons to preclinical data. We strongly encourage the careful reporting of the parameters utilized in these clinical studies, as well as the development of outcome measures that could illuminate the mechanisms of this modality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.