Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23924004›Full record

ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2013

Glucose levels and risk of dementia.

Paul K Crane, Rod Walker, Rebecca A Hubbard, Ge Li, David M Nathan, Hui Zheng, Sebastien Haneuse, Suzanne Craft, Thomas J Montine, Steven E Kahn and 4 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 412 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
412citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
40.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

412 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 904 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. The effects of improved access to diabetes medications on risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
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  17. Higher fasting brain glucose is associated with lower gray matter volume in healthy adults.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Article
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352 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Paul K CraneDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. pcrane@uw.edu
Rod Walker
Rebecca A Hubbard
Ge Li
David M Nathan
Hui Zheng
Sebastien Haneuse
Suzanne Craft
Thomas J Montine
Steven E Kahn
Wayne McCormick
Susan M McCurry
James D Bowen
Eric B Larson
University of Washington · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · USNeuroscience Institute · ITWake Forest University · US

Funding

Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Sakeneh Zraika · 1986 to 2026
$41.4M
Furthering scientific understanding of mechanisms underlying resilience to the effects of AD pathology by incorporating state of the art quantification of gliosis, inflammation, & synaptic toxicityU01AG006781 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CRANE, PAUL K, LARSON, ERIC B · 1986 to 2020
$39.3M
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG006781NIA NIH HHS U01 AG 06781NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes is a risk factor for dementia. It is unknown whether higher glucose levels increase the risk of dementia in people without diabetes.

methodsWe used 35,264 clinical measurements of glucose levels and 10,208 measurements of glycated hemoglobin levels from 2067 participants without dementia to examine the relationship between glucose levels and the risk of dementia. Participants were from the Adult Changes in Thought study and included 839 men and 1228 women whose mean age at baseline was 76 years; 232 participants had diabetes, and 1835 did not. We fit Cox regression models, stratified according to diabetes status and adjusted for age, sex, study cohort, educational level, level of exercise, blood pressure, and status with respect to coronary and cerebrovascular diseases, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and treatment for hypertension.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 6.8 years, dementia developed in 524 participants (74 with diabetes and 450 without). Among participants without diabetes, higher average glucose levels within the preceding 5 years were related to an increased risk of dementia (P=0.01); with a glucose level of 115 mg per deciliter (6.4 mmol per liter) as compared with 100 mg per deciliter (5.5 mmol per liter), the adjusted hazard ratio for dementia was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.33). Among participants with diabetes, higher average glucose levels were also related to an increased risk of dementia (P=0.002); with a glucose level of 190 mg per deciliter (10.5 mmol per liter) as compared with 160 mg per deciliter (8.9 mmol per liter), the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.76).

conclusionsOur results suggest that higher glucose levels may be a risk factor for dementia, even among persons without diabetes. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.)

Indexed as

AgedApolipoproteins EBayes TheoremBlood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesDementiaDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusEducational StatusFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGenotypeHumansHyperglycemiaMaleProportional Hazards ModelsApolipoproteins EBlood Glucose

Identifiers

PMID23924004
PMCPMC3955123
OpenAlexW1988761237

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.