ArticlePloS one2013
Background factors of reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease: a cross-sectional study of 10,837 subjects in Japan.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Helicobacter pylori Infection and Eradication in Relation to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors and 26-years worldwide prevalence of endoscopic erosive esophagitis from 1997 to 2022: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitor for non-erosive reflux disease: a meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Pooled it
- Potential roles of Helicobacter pylori treatment, body mass index and waist circumference in the causation of erosive esophagitis: a randomized clinical trial (HEROES-GERD).International journal of obesity (2005) · 2020Trial
- Lifestyle Factors Associated With Reflux Symptoms Without Erosive Esophagitis in Japanese Individuals With and Without Obesity Undergoing Health Checkups: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of general and family medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Dyspeptic and Reflux Symptoms: An Endoscopy-Based Prospective Study from Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Observational
- Associations of Plant-Based Foods, Animal Products, and Selected Sociodemographic Factors with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The Association between Smoking Exposure and Reflux Esophagitis: A Cross-sectional Study among Men Conducted as a Part of Health Screening.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Gastro‑oesophageal reflux disease in liver cirrhosis: Possible pathogenesis and clinical intervention (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Predictive Factors for Future Onset of Reflux Esophagitis: A Longitudinal Case-control Study Using Health Checkup Records.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Trends in proton pump inhibitor use, reflux esophagitis, and various upper gastrointestinal symptoms from 2010 to 2019 in Japan.PloS one · 2022Article
- Clinicopathological features and prognosis of developed gastric cancer based on the diagnosis of mucosal atrophy and enlarged folds of stomach by double-contrast upper gastrointestinal barium X-ray radiography.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Current Advancement on the Dynamic Mechanism of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Review
- Epidemiological investigation, extraesophageal symptoms and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Spectrum of esophageal motility disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis.World journal of hepatology · 2020Review
- Inverse time trends of peptic ulcer and reflux esophagitis show significant association with reduced prevalence ofAnnals of medicine · 2020Article
- Phase 4 Study in Patients From Asia With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treated With Dexlansoprazole.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2020Article
- A population-based survey of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a region with high prevalence of esophageal cancer in China.Chinese medical journal · 2019Article
- Prevention of gastric cancer by Helicobacter pylori eradication: A review from Japan.Cancer medicine · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), its risk factors are still a subject of controversy. This is probably due to inadequate distinction between reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), and is also due to inadequate evaluation of adjacent stomach. Our aim is therefore to define background factors of RE and NERD independently, based on the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy.
methodsWe analyzed 10,837 healthy Japanese subjects (6,332 men and 4,505 women, aged 20-87 years) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. RE was diagnosed as the presence of mucosal break, and NERD was diagnosed as the presence of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation in RE-free subjects. Using GERD-free subjects as control, background factors for RE and NERD were separately analyzed using logistic regression to evaluate standardized coefficients (SC), odds ratio (OR), and p-value.
resultsOf the 10,837 study subjects, we diagnosed 733 (6.8%) as RE and 1,722 (15.9%) as NERD. For RE, male gender (SC = 0.557, OR = 1.75), HP non-infection (SC = 0.552, OR = 1.74), higher pepsinogen I/II ratio (SC = 0.496, OR = 1.64), higher BMI (SC = 0.464, OR = 1.60), alcohol drinking (SC = 0.161, OR = 1.17), older age (SC = 0.148, OR = 1.16), and smoking (SC = 0.129, OR = 1.14) are positively correlated factors. For NERD, HP infection (SC = 0.106, OR = 1.11), female gender (SC = 0.099, OR = 1.10), younger age (SC = 0.099, OR = 1.10), higher pepsinogen I/II ratio (SC = 0.099, OR = 1.10), smoking (SC = 0.080, OR = 1.08), higher BMI (SC = 0.078, OR = 1.08), and alcohol drinking (SC = 0.076, OR = 1.08) are positively correlated factors. Prevalence of RE in subjects with chronic HP infection and successful HP eradication denotes significant difference (2.3% and 8.8%; p<0.0001), whereas that of NERD shows no difference (18.2% and 20.8%; p = 0.064).
conclusionsSignificantly associated factors of NERD are considerably different from those of RE, indicating that these two disorders are pathophysiologically distinct. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori may have disadvantageous effects on RE but not on NERD.
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