ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2013
Risk factors for urinary, fecal, or dual incontinence in the Nurses' Health Study.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02318251 (Stress Urinary Incontinence Physiotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stress Urinary Incontinence Physiotherapy (SUIP) - A Randomized Controlled Trial With 6-Months Follow-up
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Prevalence of Fecal Incontinence in Community-Dwelling Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC geriatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Continence Impairment and Depressive Symptoms Jointly Identify Older Adults at Increased Risk of Mortality: Parallel Analyses From NHANES and CHARLS.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Incontinence in the Black Women's Health Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Urine and fecal incontinence prevalence is increased in later born 81-year old cohorts in the Swedish general elder population: data from the Good Aging in Skåne study (GÅS).BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Sleep disturbance and risk of incident incontinence in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a 4-year national cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Fecal Incontinence Drives the Psychosocial Burden in Patients with Dual Incontinence.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Obesity Is Independently Associated With Increased Risk of Fecal Incontinence and Altered Rectal Sensitivity.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Gestational and Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Urinary Incontinence in Black Women in the U.S.Uro · 2025Article
- Symptom Burden: A Concept Analysis.Nursing science quarterly · 2025Article
- Centrally Distributed Adiposity as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Fecal Incontinence: United States Population-based Analysis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Article
- Exploring the association between type 2 diabetes and fecal incontinence in american adults: insights from a large cross-sectional study.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Article
- Associated factors of stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence in a geriatric outpatient assessment of older women with hip fracture.European geriatric medicine · 2024Article
- Do urinary and double incontinence predict changes in living arrangements and mobility in older women after hip fracture? - a 1-year prospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Effect of Chair-stand Exercise on Improving Urinary and Defecation Independence in Post-stroke Rehabilitation Patients with Sarcopenia.Progress in rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Double Incontinence and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Fecal Incontinence: A Single-center Observational Study.Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2024Article
- Ethnic Differences in Anorectal Manometry Findings in Patients With Fecal Incontinence: Results From a Multiethnic Cohort According to the London Classification.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Article
- Urinary Incontinence in Parous Women Practicing Non-Extreme Competitive Sports Compared to the General Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Factors associated with urinary and double incontinence in a geriatric post-hip fracture assessment in older women.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- The Relationship Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Osteoarthritis Symptoms Among Vendors in a Conventional Market.International neurourology journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and dual incontinence in a large cohort of older women and compare risk factors across the three conditions.
methodsThese cross-sectional analyses used data from the Nurses' Health Study. The 2008 questionnaire, mailed to 96,480 surviving participants aged 62-87 years, included two separate items on the prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence. A response of leakage at least once per month defined incontinence for both urine and stool. Dual incontinence was defined by responses at this frequency for both conditions. Using a polytomous logistic regression model, we assessed each risk factor for prevalence of urinary, fecal, and dual incontinence.
resultsThe survey was completed by 64,396 women. Thirty-eight percent had urinary incontinence alone, 4% had fecal incontinence alone, and 7% had dual incontinence. Age older than 80 years compared with age younger than 70 years was associated most strongly with dual incontinence (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28-2.73) followed by depression (OR 2.28, 95% CI 2.13-2.43), neurologic disease (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.65-2.07), functional limitations (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.71-2.02), multiparity (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.41-1.94), and heavier fetal birth weight (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10-1.41). Obesity was associated only with urinary incontinence (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.90-2.08) and type 2 diabetes mellitus was a stronger risk factor for fecal than urinary incontinence (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.28-1.59). Black race was associated with a reduced risk of all types of incontinence, especially dual incontinence (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.21-0.44).
conclusionIn this large cohort, dual incontinence was primarily associated with advanced age, decompensating medical conditions, depression, and multiparity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.
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