Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23920141›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2013

Risk of childhood undernutrition related to small-for-gestational age and preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries.

Parul Christian, Sun Eun Lee, Moira Donahue Angel, Linda S Adair, Shams E Arifeen, Per Ashorn, Fernando C Barros, Caroline H D Fall, Wafaie W Fawzi, Wei Hao and 22 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02457923 (Mobile Health Solutions to Help Community Providers Promote Maternal & Infant Nutrition & Health - A Community-based Cluster RCT in Rural India to Evaluate M-SAKHI for Use by ASHAs to Reduce Malnutrition in Infants up to 24 Months), which is not on this map. Cited by 318 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
318citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
19.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02457923 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

Mobile Health Solutions to Help Community Providers Promote Maternal & Infant Nutrition & Health - A Community-based Cluster RCT in Rural India to Evaluate M-SAKHI for Use by ASHAs to Reduce Malnutrition in Infants up to 24 Months

TypeinterventionalSponsorLata Medical Research Foundation, NagpurRan2017 to 2020Enrolled2,728ConditionsUnder NutritionArmsMobile phone counselling
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

318 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 591 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Early Marriage, Preterm Birth, and School Dropout: An Intergenerational Cycle of Risk?American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
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258 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.

Parul ChristianDepartment of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of International Health, University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK, Departments of Global Health and Population, Nutrition, and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, Woman and Child Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 25, B 9000 Ghent, Belgium, Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India, Center for Global Health Research, KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya, KEMRI/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya, Epidemiology Research Unit, CSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India, Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China, Institute for Global Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Human Sciences Research Council and the Developmental Pathways for Health Research Programme, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool UK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya, Department of Global Health, Ge
Sun Eun Lee
Moira Donahue Angel
Linda S Adair
Shams E Arifeen
Per Ashorn
Fernando C Barros
Caroline H D Fall
Wafaie W Fawzi
Wei Hao
Gang Hu
Jean H Humphrey
Lieven Huybregts
Charu V Joglekar
Simon K Kariuki
Patrick Kolsteren
Ghattu V Krishnaveni
Enqing Liu
Reynaldo Martorell
David Osrin
Lars-Ake Persson
Usha Ramakrishnan
Linda Richter
Dominique Roberfroid
Ayesha Sania
Feiko O Ter Kuile
James Tielsch
Cesar G Victora
Chittaranjan S Yajnik
Hong Yan
Lingxia Zeng
Robert E Black
University College London · GBUniversidade Federal de Pelotas · BRJohns Hopkins University · USInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDTampere University · FIUniversidade Católica de Pelotas · BRCSI Holdsworth Memorial Hospital · IN

Funding

Carolina Population CenterR24HD050924 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MORGAN, SAMUEL PHILIP · 2005 to 2014
$10.0M
Medical Research Council MC_U147574246Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1016Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/3NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD050924Wellcome Trust 059609Wellcome Trust 079877Wellcome Trust 083460Wellcome Trust 091561Wellcome Trust 098575Wellcome Trust 100714
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow- and middle-income countries continue to experience a large burden of stunting; 148 million children were estimated to be stunted, around 30-40% of all children in 2011. In many of these countries, foetal growth restriction (FGR) is common, as is subsequent growth faltering in the first 2 years. Although there is agreement that stunting involves both prenatal and postnatal growth failure, the extent to which FGR contributes to stunting and other indicators of nutritional status is uncertain.

methodsUsing extant longitudinal birth cohorts (n=19) with data on birthweight, gestational age and child anthropometry (12-60 months), we estimated study-specific and pooled risk estimates of stunting, wasting and underweight by small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth.

resultsWe grouped children according to four combinations of SGA and gestational age: adequate size-for-gestational age (AGA) and preterm; SGA and term; SGA and preterm; and AGA and term (the reference group). Relative to AGA and term, the OR (95% confidence interval) for stunting associated with AGA and preterm, SGA and term, and SGA and preterm was 1.93 (1.71, 2.18), 2.43 (2.22, 2.66) and 4.51 (3.42, 5.93), respectively. A similar magnitude of risk was also observed for wasting and underweight. Low birthweight was associated with 2.5-3.5-fold higher odds of wasting, stunting and underweight. The population attributable risk for overall SGA for outcomes of childhood stunting and wasting was 20% and 30%, respectively.

conclusionsThis analysis estimates that childhood undernutrition may have its origins in the foetal period, suggesting a need to intervene early, ideally during pregnancy, with interventions known to reduce FGR and preterm birth.

Indexed as

Developing CountriesFetal Growth RetardationInfant, Small for Gestational AgeChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfantInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, PrematureLongitudinal StudiesMaleMalnutritionPregnancyPremature BirthchildhoodFoetal growth restrictionpreterm birthstuntingwasting

Identifiers

PMID23920141
PMCPMC3816349
OpenAlexW2168268121

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.