SynthesisResearch in developmental disabilities2013
Procedural learning is impaired in dyslexia: evidence from a meta-analysis of serial reaction time studies.
Synthesis in Research in developmental disabilities, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Procedural Sequence Learning in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Are there shared neural correlates between dyslexia and ADHD? A meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2019Pooled it
- Movement detection thresholds reveal proprioceptive impairments in developmental dyslexia.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- The specific nature of the statistical learning deficit in developmental dyslexia: Impaired temporal and spared spatial learning abilities.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Implicit Sequence Learning in Children With Reading Difficulties: Dyslexia Versus Low Intellectual Functioning.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Memory Consolidation in Adults With and Without Developmental Language Disorder and Dyslexia.International journal for research in learning disabilities · 2026Article
- Procedural or declarative deficit in adults with developmental dyslexia? A study of Artificial grammar learning.PloS one · 2026Article
- Addressing the theory crisis in statistical learning research.NPJ science of learning · 2025Review
- Computational markers show specific deficits for dyslexia and ADHD in complex learning settings.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Word Reading and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Developmental Language Disorder.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- Impaired visual and verbal statistical learning in children with Dyslexia in a transparent orthography.Annals of dyslexia · 2025Article
- The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation and Reading in Dyslexia.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Impaired instance acquisition as a cause of the comorbidity of learning disorders in young adults.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neural Networks for Semantic and Syntactic Prediction and Visual-Motor Statistical Learning in Adult Readers With and Without Dyslexia.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Reduced benefit from long-term item frequency contributes to short-term memory deficits in dyslexia.Memory & cognition · 2024Article
- Revisiting the definition of dyslexia.Annals of dyslexia · 2024Article
- Statistical learning and children's emergent literacy in rural Côte d'Ivoire.Developmental science · 2024Article
- Exploring brain plasticity in developmental dyslexia through implicit sequence learning.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Motor Adaptation Deficits in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder and/or Reading Disorder.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Auditory Category Learning in Children With Dyslexia.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated procedural learning in dyslexia using serial reaction time (SRT) tasks. Overall, the results have been mixed, with evidence of both impaired and intact learning reported. We undertook a systematic search of studies that examined procedural learning using SRT tasks, and synthesized the data using meta-analysis. A total of 14 studies were identified, representing data from 314 individuals with dyslexia and 317 typically developing control participants. The results indicate that, on average, individuals with dyslexia have worse procedural learning abilities than controls, as indexed by sequence learning on the SRT task. The average weighted standardized mean difference (the effect size) was found to be 0.449 (CI95: .204, .693), and was significant (p<.001). However, moderate levels of heterogeneity were found between study-level effect sizes. Meta-regression analyses indicated that studies with older participants that used SRT tasks with second order conditional sequences, or with older participants that used sequences that were presented a large number of times, were associated with smaller effect sizes. These associations are discussed with respect to compensatory and delayed memory systems in dyslexia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.