ArticleJournal of psychiatric research2013
Exposure to herpes simplex virus, type 1 and reduced cognitive function.
Article in Journal of psychiatric research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomised controlled trial of adjunctive yoga and adjunctive physical exercise training for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2017Trial
- CD163+ perivascular macrophages in schizophrenia: a research framework for testing macrophage-related mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Unravelling the Viral Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Viruses and psychiatric disorders: We have not crossed the borderline from hypothesis to proof yet (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Is There such a Thing as Post-Viral Depression?: Implications for Precision Medicine.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Review
- Therapeutic Implications of the Microbial Hypothesis of Mental Illness.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Infectious agents as risk factors for psychosis - A time to reconsider and reinvigorate investigations.Schizophrenia research · 2021Article
- Association of the Promoter Haplotype of IFN-γ-Inducible Protein 16 Gene with Schizophrenia in a Korean Population.Psychiatry investigation · 2020Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infection: Associations with Inflammation and Cognitive Aging in Relation to Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2020Review
- Infection with Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and sleep: The dog that did not bark.Psychiatry research · 2019Article
- Emotion discrimination in humans: Its association with HSV-1 infection and its improvement with antiviral treatment.Schizophrenia research · 2018Article
- Association of cognitive function and liability to addiction with childhood herpesvirus infections: A prospective cohort study.Development and psychopathology · 2018Article
- CX3CR1Nature medicine · 2017Article
- Immunoglobulin G genotypes and the risk of schizophrenia.Human genetics · 2016Article
- Development of an abbreviated form of the Penn Line Orientation Test using large samples and computerized adaptive test simulation.Psychological assessment · 2015Article
- The Association between Infections and General Cognitive Ability in Young Men - A Nationwide Study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Different presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus type 1, human herpes virus 6, and Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia: meta-analysis and analytical study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2015Article
- Association between exposure to HSV1 and cognitive functioning in a general population of adolescents. The TRAILS study.PloS one · 2014Article
- Dementia and cognitive impairment in adults as sequels of HSV-1-related encephalitis: a review.Dementia & neuropsychologiaReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) causes cold sores, keratitis and rarely, fatal encephalitis. The infection is lifelong, with sensory ganglia serving as reservoirs of latent infection. Recently, exposure to HSV-1 has also been repeatedly associated with reduced cognitive function among healthy individuals without prior encephalitis. Though HSV-1 does not elevate risk for schizophrenia (SZ) per se, exposure is likewise associated with impaired cognitive functions among SZ patients. The range of cognitive changes observed in HSV-1 exposed persons has not been investigated systematically, nor is it known whether interaction between HSV-1 exposure and SZ related factors contributes to the impairment among SZ patients. Persons with or without schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (N = 298 total, DSM IV criteria) were assessed for HSV-1 exposure using serum HSV-1 antibody titers. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive battery was used to assess eight cognitive domains with respect to accuracy and speed. There were no significant case-control differences in HSV-1 exposure. The SZ/schizophreniform disorder cases were significantly impaired in all cognitive domains compared with the controls. HSV-1 exposure was also associated with reduced cognitive function in the entire sample, but the magnitude of the effects and their patterns differed from the SZ related changes. Further, statistically significant interactions between HSV-1 exposure and SZ case status were not detected. HSV-1 exposure does not elevate risk for SZ, but it is associated with reduced function in specific cognitive domains regardless of SZ diagnostic status. An 'epidiagnostic' model for the association is proposed to explain the results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.