ArticleJournal of neuroscience methods2013
Quantitative fluorescence microscopy provides high resolution imaging of passive diffusion and P-gp mediated efflux at the in vivo blood-brain barrier.
Article in Journal of neuroscience methods, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of blood-brain barrier L-arginine uptake using in situ brain perfusions in a female mouse model.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- 3DFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Effects of whole-brain radiation therapy on the blood-brain barrier in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2023Article
- Modulation of the blood-tumor barrier to enhance drug delivery and efficacy for brain metastases.Neuro-oncology advances · 2021Article
- A Review of Mathematics Determining Solute Uptake at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Normal and Pathological Conditions.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Improving CNS Delivery to Brain Metastases by Blood-Tumor Barrier Disruption.Trends in cancer · 2019Review
- Maps of in vivo oxygen pressure with submillimetre resolution and nanomolar sensitivity enabled by Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging.Nature biomedical engineering · 2018Article
- Liposomal Irinotecan Accumulates in Metastatic Lesions, Crosses the Blood-Tumor Barrier (BTB), and Prolongs Survival in an Experimental Model of Brain Metastases of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutical research · 2018Article
- Permeability across a novel microfluidic blood-tumor barrier model.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2017Article
- Regulation of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2015Review
- P-glycoprotein mediated efflux limits substrate and drug uptake in a preclinical brain metastases of breast cancer model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Quantitative fluorescent microscopy is an emerging technology that has provided significant insight into cellular dye accumulation, organelle function, and tissue physiology. However, historically dyes have only been used to qualitatively or semi-quantitatively (fold change) determine changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Herein, we present a novel method to calculate the blood to brain transfer rates of the dyes rhodamine 123 and Texas red across the in situ BBB. We observed that rhodamine 123 is subject to p-glycoprotein mediated efflux at the rat BBB and can be increased nearly 20-fold with p-glycoprotein inhibition. However, Texas Red appears to not be subject to MRP2 mediated efflux at the rat BBB, agreeing with literature reports suggesting MRP2 may lack functionality at the normal rat BBB. Lastly, we present data demonstrating that once dyes have crossed the BBB, diffusion of the dye molecule is not as instantaneous as has been previously suggested. We propose that future work can now be completed to (1) match BBB transfer coefficients to interstitial diffusion constants and (2) use dyes with specific affinities to cellular organelles or that have specific properties (e.g., subject to efflux transporters) to more fully understand BBB physiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.