ArticleParasites & vectors2013
Trypanosoma livingstonei: a new species from African bats supports the bat seeding hypothesis for the Trypanosoma cruzi clade.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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45 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Cave-dwelling bats as hosts of Trypanosoma livingstonei: Evidence from peri-domestic roosts in southeastern Nigeria.PloS one · 2026Article
- Hidden diversity and host specificity of bat trypanosomes in East and Central Africa.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive genetic and phylogenetic study of Trypanosoma spp. in bats and sand flies from shared habitats in Thailand.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Description of Four NewMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Haemosporidian and trypanosomatid diversity in a high-latitude island ecosystem, including the first record of Zelonia in the Nearctic.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Comparative maxicircle analysis in Trypanosoma species from the LSRM clade highlights patterns in an underexplored lineage.PloS one · 2025Article
- Molecular detection of trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma livingstonei species group in diverse bat species in Central Cameroon.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- First record of Trypanosoma (Ornithotrypanum) infecting Neotropical birds.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- First investigation of blood parasites of bats in Burkina Faso detects Hepatocystis parasites and infections with diverse Trypanosoma spp.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Molecular detection ofParasitology · 2022Article
- Blood Parasites and Health Status of Hibernating and Non-Hibernating Noctule Bats (Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Molecular detection ofParasitology · 2022Article
- Development of two species of the Trypanosoma theileri complex in tabanids.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- "Visiting old, learn new": taxonomical overview of chiropteran trypanosomes from the morphology to the genes.Parasitology research · 2022Review
- Trypanosoma cruzi genetic diversity: impact on transmission cycles and Chagas disease.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
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- Diversity and Epidemiology of Bat Trypanosomes: A One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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- First report ofParasitology · 2020Article
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10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBat trypanosomes have been implicated in the evolutionary history of the T. cruzi clade, which comprises species from a wide geographic and host range in South America, Africa and Europe, including bat-restricted species and the generalist agents of human American trypanosomosis T. cruzi and T. rangeli.
methodsTrypanosomes from bats (Rhinolophus landeri and Hipposideros caffer) captured in Mozambique, southeast Africa, were isolated by hemoculture. Barcoding was carried out through the V7V8 region of Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA and Fluorescent Fragment Length barcoding (FFLB). Phylogenetic inferences were based on SSU rRNA, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) and Spliced Leader (SL) genes. Morphological characterization included light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
resultsNew trypanosomes from bats clustered together forming a clade basal to a larger assemblage called the T. cruzi clade. Barcoding, phylogenetic analyses and genetic distances based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH supported these trypanosomes as a new species, which we named Trypanosoma livingstonei n. sp. The large and highly polymorphic SL gene repeats of this species showed a copy of the 5S ribosomal RNA into the intergenic region. Unique morphological (large and broad blood trypomastigotes compatible to species of the subgenus Megatrypanum and cultures showing highly pleomorphic epimastigotes and long and slender trypomastigotes) and ultrastructural (cytostome and reservosomes) features and growth behaviour (when co-cultivated with HeLa cells at 37°C differentiated into trypomastigotes resembling the blood forms and do not invaded the cells) complemented the description of this species.
conclusionPhylogenetic inferences supported the hypothesis that Trypanosoma livingstonei n. sp. diverged from a common ancestral bat trypanosome that evolved exclusively in Chiroptera or switched at independent opportunities to mammals of several orders forming the clade T. cruzi, hence, providing further support for the bat seeding hypothesis to explain the origin of T. cruzi and T. rangeli.
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