Observational studyThe Journal of pediatrics2013
Preterm infant linear growth and adiposity gain: trade-offs for later weight status and intelligence quotient.
Observational study in The Journal of pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between rapid growth and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
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- Accelerated weight gain, prematurity, and the risk of childhood obesity: A meta-analysis and systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of macronutrient supplements for children born preterm or small for gestational age on developmental and metabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of early sodium supplementation on weight gain of very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Trial
- Potential effect of immediate postpartum use of injectable contraception on lactogenesis.Contraception · 2025Trial
- Influence of gastric residual assessment in preterm neonates on time to achieve enteral feeding (the GRASS trial)-Multi-centre, assessor-blinded randomised clinical trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Enhanced Parenteral Nutrition Is Feasible and Safe in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Randomized Trial.Neonatology · 2023Trial
- Preterm birth, body mass index trajectories, and risk of thinness in early childhood: the Japan Environment and Children's study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Towards improving outcomes: Protein, body composition, and brain development in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Fluid intake in term and preterm infants exposed to maternal diabetes.Academia nutrition and dietetics · 2026Article
- Impact of Early Weight Catch-Up on 6-Year Neurodevelopment and Overweight/Obesity in Children Born Small-for-Gestational-Age.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Early Infancy Weight Gain Patterns Are Associated with Child Body Mass Index in Singletons but Not Twins.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Postnatal Growth Assessment of the Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infant.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Laser-Based Length-Measuring Board for the Measurement of Infant Body Length from Outside an Incubator: Proposal and Assessment of a Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk Assessment of Cognitive Impairment at 2 Years of Age in Infants Born Extremely Preterm Using the INTERGROWTH-21st Growth Standards.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Establishing feasibility and reliability of subcutaneous fat measurements by ultrasound in very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Differential associations between body composition indices and neurodevelopment during early life in term-born infants: findings from the Pakistan cohort: Multi-Center Body Composition Reference Study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Observational
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine trade-offs between cognitive outcome and overweight/obesity in preterm-born infants at school age and young adulthood in relation to weight gain and linear growth during infancy. STUDY
designWe studied 945 participants in the Infant Health and Development Program, an 8-center study of preterm (≤37 weeks gestational age), low birth weight (≤2500 g) infants from birth to age 18 years. Adjusting for maternal and child factors in logistic regression, we estimated the odds of overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile at age 8 or ≥25 kg/m(2) at age 18) and in separate models, low IQ (<85) per z-score changes in infant length and BMI from term to 4 months, from 4 to 12 months, and from 12 to 18 months.
resultsMore rapid linear growth from term to 4 months was associated with lower odds of IQ <85 at age 8 years (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.96), but higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.53). More rapid BMI gain in all 3 infant time intervals was also associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity, and BMI gain from 4-12 months was associated with lower odds of IQ <85 at age 8. Results at age 18 were similar.
conclusionIn these preterm, low birth weight infants born in the 1980s, faster linear growth soon after term was associated with better cognition, but also with a greater risk of overweight/obesity at age 8 years and 18 years. BMI gain over the entire 18 months after term was associated with later risk of overweight/obesity, with less evidence of a benefit for IQ.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.