ArticleFrontiers in plant science2013
Evolution of the key alkaloid enzyme putrescine N-methyltransferase from spermidine synthase.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nicotine biosynthesis is completed by cryptic activating glucosylation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The PROSITE database for protein families, domains, and sites.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Exogenous regulation of macronutrients promotes the accumulation of alkaloid yield in anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) pascher.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Genetic regulation and manipulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco: strategies to eliminate addictive alkaloids.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Review
- Genomic and structural basis for evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Understanding how plants produce cocaine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Functional Diversification and Structural Origins of Plant Natural Product Methyltransferases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Elucidation of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Fruity, sticky, stinky, spicy, bitter, addictive, and deadly: evolutionary signatures of metabolic complexity in the Solanaceae.Natural product reports · 2022Review
- Unravelling the multi-faceted regulatory role of polyamines in plant biotechnology, transgenics and secondary metabolomics.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Metabolic diversification of nitrogen-containing metabolites by the expression of a heterologous lysine decarboxylase gene in Arabidopsis.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2019Article
- Separate Pathways Contribute to the Herbivore-Induced Formation of 2-Phenylethanol in Poplar.Plant physiology · 2019Article
- Molecular Origins of Functional Diversity in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Methyltransferases.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Review
- Genomic Insights into the Evolution of the Nicotine Biosynthesis Pathway in Tobacco.Plant physiology · 2017Article
- Something Old, Something New: Conserved Enzymes and the Evolution of Novelty in Plant Specialized Metabolism.Plant physiology · 2015Review
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Putrescine N-methyltransferases (PMTs) are the first specific enzymes of the biosynthesis of nicotine and tropane alkaloids. PMTs transfer a methyl group onto the diamine putrescine from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as coenzyme. PMT proteins have presumably evolved from spermidine synthases (SPDSs), which are ubiquitous enzymes of polyamine metabolism. SPDSs use decarboxylated SAM as coenzyme to transfer an aminopropyl group onto putrescine. In an attempt to identify possible and necessary steps in the evolution of PMT from SPDS, homology based modeling of Datura stramonium SPDS1 and PMT was employed to gain deeper insight in the preferred binding positions and conformations of the substrate and the alternative coenzymes. Based on predictions of amino acids responsible for the change of enzyme specificities, sites of mutagenesis were derived. PMT activity was generated in D. stramonium SPDS1 after few amino acid exchanges. Concordantly, Arabidopsis thaliana SPDS1 was mutated and yielded enzymes with both, PMT and SPDS activities. Kinetic parameters were measured for enzymatic characterization. The switch from aminopropyl to methyl transfer depends on conformational changes of the methionine part of the coenzyme in the binding cavity of the enzyme. The rapid generation of PMT activity in SPDS proteins and the wide-spread occurrence of putative products of N-methylputrescine suggest that PMT activity is present frequently in the plant kingdom.
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