Trial reportHuman brain mapping2014
Intranasal insulin increases regional cerebral blood flow in the insular cortex in men independently of cortisol manipulation.
Trial report in Human brain mapping, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping brain activity of gut-brain signaling to appetite and satiety in healthy adults: A systematic review and functional neuroimaging meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Intranasal insulin enhances resting-state functional connectivity in Type 2 Diabetes.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Exercise restores brain insulin sensitivity in sedentary adults who are overweight and obese.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Sex differences in central insulin action: Effect of intranasal insulin on neural food cue reactivity in adults with normal weight and overweight.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Trial
- MemAID: Memory advancement with intranasal insulin vs. placebo in type 2 diabetes and control participants: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of neurology · 2022 · on this mapTrial
- The effect of intranasal insulin on appetite and mood in women with and without obesity: an experimental medicine study.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Trial
- Acute inorganic nitrate intake increases regional insulin action in the brain: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over trial with abdominally obese men.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effects of overnight fasting on working memory-related brain network: an fMRI study.Human brain mapping · 2015Trial
- Intranasal insulin enhanced resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal regions in type 2 diabetes.Diabetes · 2015Trial
- Sex-dependent effects of a high-fat diet-induced obesity model on cerebrovascular health and brain metabolism.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Acute Effect of Intranasal Insulin on Food Intake Among Middle-Aged African American Adults: The FIINAAL Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Acute cerebral blood flow response to heavy cream ingestion in older adults: A non-randomized pilot study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- A systematic review of in vivo brain insulin resistance biomarkers in humans.Biomarkers in neuropsychiatry · 2025Review
- Effect of insulin on indices of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular compliance in young adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- To Explore Nasal-Brain Lymphatic System for Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery and to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Enhancing socio-communicative functions in an MCI patient with intra-nasal insulin: a case report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Brain insulin resistance and cognitive function: influence of exercise.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Review
- Falling Short: The Contribution of Central Insulin Receptors to Gait Dysregulation in Brain Aging.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insulin and cortisol play a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, appetite, and satiety. Little is known about the action and interaction of both hormones in brain structures controlling food intake and the processing of neurovisceral signals from the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we assessed the impact of single and combined application of insulin and cortisol on resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the insular cortex. After standardized periods of food restriction, 48 male volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either 40 IU intranasal insulin, 30 mg oral cortisol, both, or neither (placebo). Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) sequences were acquired before and after pharmacological treatment. We observed a bilateral, locally distinct rCBF increase after insulin administration in the insular cortex and the putamen. Insulin effects on rCBF were present regardless of whether participants had received cortisol or not. Our results indicate that insulin, but not cortisol, affects blood flow in human brain structures involved in the regulation of eating behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.