Trial reportJournal of leukocyte biology2013
Human TLR8 is activated upon recognition of Borrelia burgdorferi RNA in the phagosome of human monocytes.
Trial report in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll-like Receptor 8 (TLR8) Is Expressed in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Modulates Neuronal Excitability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Lyme borreliosis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Type I interferon signaling promotes early innate control ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterizing the impact of intracutaneous dissemination on host responses duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptor 1 polymorphism is associated with impaired immune tolerance, dysregulated inflammatory responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Label-free biosensor assay decodes the dynamics of Toll-like receptor signaling.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Combining antibiotic with anti-TLR2/TLR13 therapy prevents brain pathology in pneumococcal meningitis.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi Engages Mammalian Type I IFN Responses via the cGAS-STING Pathway.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Why Should We Consider Potential Roles of Oral Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Sjögren Syndrome?Immune network · 2022Review
- Article
- Human macrophage polarization in the response toCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2021Article
- Pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in TLR4-Competent and TLR4-dysfunctional C3H mice.Cellular microbiology · 2021Article
- Macrophage mediated recognition and clearance of Borrelia burgdorferi elicits MyD88-dependent and -independent phagosomal signals that contribute to phagocytosis and inflammation.BMC immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Stimulated Immune Response by TruCultureFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Observational
- Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Immune Response toCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- Bioinformatics-Based Study to Investigate Potential Differentially Expressed Genes and miRNAs in Pediatric Sepsis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- RNA Sensing ofVaccines · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phagocytosed Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the Lyme disease spirochete, induces a robust and complex innate immune response in human monocytes, in which TLR8 cooperates with TLR2 in the induction of NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, whereas TLR8 is solely responsible for transcription of IFN-β through IRF7. We now establish the role of Bb RNA in TLR8-mediated induction of IFN-β. First, using TLR2-transfected HEK.293 cells, which were unable to phagocytose intact Bb, we observed TLR2 activation by lipoprotein-rich borrelial lysates and TLR2 synthetic ligands but not in response to live spirochetes. Purified Bb RNA, but not borrelial DNA, triggered TLR8 activation. Neither of these 2 ligands induced activation of TLR7. Using purified human monocytes we then show that phagocytosed live Bb, as well as equivalent amounts of borrelial RNA delivered into the phagosome by polyethylenimine (PEI), induces transcription of IFN-β and secretion of TNF-α. The cytokine response to purified Bb RNA was markedly impaired in human monocytes naturally deficient in IRAK-4 and in cells with knockdown TLR8 expression by small interfering RNA. Using confocal microscopy we provide evidence that TLR8 colocalizes with internalized Bb RNA in both early (EEA1) and late endosomes (LAMP1). Live bacterial RNA staining indicates that spirochetal RNA does not transfer from the phagosome into the cytosol. Using fluorescent dextran particles we show that phagosomal integrity in Bb-infected monocytes is not affected. We demonstrate, for the first time, that Bb RNA is a TLR8 ligand in human monocytes and that transcription of IFN-β in response to the spirochete is induced from within the phagosomal vacuole through the TLR8-MyD88 pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.