SynthesisTransgenic research2014
No effects of Bacillus thuringiensis maize on nontarget organisms in the field in southern Europe: a meta-analysis of 26 arthropod taxa.
Synthesis in Transgenic research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? A systematic review.Environmental evidence · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of Bt crops on soil invertebrates: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis.Transgenic research · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of genetically engineered maize on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits: a meta-analysis of 21 years of field data.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Does Bt rice pose risks to non-target arthropods? Results of a meta-analysis in China.Plant biotechnology journal · 2017Pooled it
- Long-term environmental risk assessment of glufosinate-tolerant GM zoysiagrass (GM crops & food · 2026Article
- Effect of Bt-Cry1Ab Maize Commercialization on Arthropod Community Biodiversity in Southwest China.Insects · 2025Article
- Rootworm resistance to Bt associated with increased injury to corn pyramids combining Bt proteins and RNA interference.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Functional redundancy in the toxic pathway of Bt protein Cry1Ab, but not Cry1Fa, against the Asian corn borer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mismatch between lab-generated and field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt crops inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Effects of field releases of Neoseiulus barkeri on Megalurothrips usitatus abundance and arthropod diversity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Host plant resistance for fall armyworm management in maize: relevance, status and prospects in Africa and Asia.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2022Review
- Transgenic Maize Has Insignificant Effects on the Diversity of Arthropods: A 3-Year Study.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Mutation in the Cadherin Gene Is a Key Factor for Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bt Cotton in China.Toxins · 2022Article
- Degradation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis proteins in corn tissue in response to post-harvest management practices.Transgenic research · 2021Article
- Transgenic cotton and sterile insect releases synergize eradication of pink bollworm a century after it invaded the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Cadherin repeat 5 mutation associated with Bt resistance in a field-derived strain of pink bollworm.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Impact assessment of Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ab and Cry2Ab protein simultaneously on non-target arthropods.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maize with the insecticidal properties of the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, known as Bt maize, has been sown in Europe since 1998. For several years, EU and Spanish regulations have required laboratory and field trials to assess risks of genetically modified crops for nontarget organisms prior to their authorization. Thirteen field trials were conducted in Spain to measure the effects of Bt maize on a broad range of arthropod taxa; no effects were found in accordance with most literature records. However, statistical analyses of single trials rarely have the statistical power to detect low effect sizes if they do not have a sufficient sample size. When sample size is low, meta-analysis may improve statistical power by combining several trials and assuming a common measure of effect size. Here we perform a meta-analysis of the results of 13 independent field trials conducted in Spain in which effects of single or stacked Bt traits on several arthropod taxa were measured with no significant results. Since the taxa included in each single trial were not the same for all trials, for the meta-analysis we selected only those taxa recorded in a minimum of six trials, resulting finally in 7, 7, and 12 taxa analyzed in visual counts, pitfall traps and yellow sticky traps, respectively. In comparison with single trial analysis, meta-analysis dramatically increased the detectability of treatment effects for most of the taxa regardless of the sampling technique; of the 26 taxa analyzed, only three showed poorer detectability in the meta-analysis than the best recorded in the 13 single trials. This finding reinforces the conclusion that Bt maize has no effect on the most common herbivore, predatory and parasitoid arthropods found in the maize ecosystems of southern Europe.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
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