Trial reportThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association2014
Moderate weight loss is sufficient to affect thyroid hormone homeostasis and inhibit its peripheral conversion.
Trial report in Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Thyroid Function Traits Identifies Novel Associations of fT3 With KLF9 and DOT1L.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Altering Levothyroxine Dose on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Subjects Treated With LT4.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Trial
- Thyroid hormones and changes in body weight and metabolic parameters in response to weight loss diets: the POUNDS LOST trial.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2017Trial
- Alterations in Hemoglobin and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D are Related Before and After Weight Loss Independent of African Admixture.International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2017Trial
- Trial
- The effect of time-restricted eating accompanied by weight loss on thyroid function in adults with type 2 diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Low Preoperative Free Triiodothyronine, Particularly in Females, Is Associated With Reduced Weight Loss and Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery in Euthyroid Adults.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Article
- Different impact of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on thyroid function and levothyroxine requirements.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Observational
- The association between the weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) and thyroid function: an NHANES study.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Diet's rapid effects on the thyroid gland challenge unidirectional assumptions about hypothyroidism and energy balance.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- The complexity of the relationship between thyroid disease and body weight.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Combined Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypothyroidism: Impact of Oral Semaglutide and Levothyroxine on Cardiometabolic and Thyroid Parameters: A 6-Month Comparative Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rethinking Energy Availability from Conceptual Models to Applied Practice: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Obesity Hacks the Brain's Systems for Weight Loss Resistance.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Associations between persistent organic pollutants and thyroid-related hormones and homeostasis parameters in middle-aged to older men and postmenopausal women: The HCHS/SOL.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Adaptive Ketogenic-Mediterranean Protocol (AKMP) in Real Clinical Practice: 14-Week Pre-Post Cohort Study on Glucolipid Markers and Safety.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Does Bariatric Surgery Impact Hypothyroidism and Vice Versa? Results of a Prospective Comparative Study.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- The association of early pregnancy, particularly persistent isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia, with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThyroid hormones are important determinants of energy expenditure, and in rodents, adipose tissue affects thyroid hormone homeostasis via leptin signaling. The relationship between thyroid hormones and nutritional status in humans has been assessed primarily in drastic dietary or bariatric surgery interventions, while limited information is available on serial assessment of this axis during moderate, prolonged dietary restriction.
methodsTo evaluate the effects of moderate dietary restriction on thyroid hormone homeostasis, 47 subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-45 kg/m(2) were enrolled in a longitudinal intervention study; 30 nonoverweight volunteers were also enrolled as controls. Overweight and obese subjects underwent a 12-month individualized dietary intervention aimed at achieving a 5-10% weight loss.
resultsThe intervention resulted in a 6.3±0.9 kg (6.5±1.0%) weight loss. At baseline, thyrotropin (TSH) and T3 concentrations correlated significantly with fat mass (R=0.257, p=0.024 and R=0.318, p=0.005, respectively). After weight loss, T3 decreased significantly (from 112.7±3.1 to 101.8±2.6 ng/dL, p<0.001) in the absence of significant changes in TSH or free T4 (fT4). The decrease in serum T3 correlated with the decrease in weight (R=0.294, p<0.001). The T3:fT4 ratio decreased significantly (p=0.02) in individuals who lost >5% body weight.
conclusionsT3 concentration closely correlates with individual nutritional status, and moderate weight loss results in a decrease in T3 with minimal changes in other thyroid hormone homeostasis parameters. The data suggest that a decrease in peripheral conversion of the prohormone T4 into its hormonally active metabolite T3 is at least in part responsible for the observed changes in thyroid hormone homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.