Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2013
Immunomodifiers in combination with conventional chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a phase II, randomized study.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The current and emerging immunotherapy paradigm in small-cell lung cancer.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- IFN-gamma in the tumor microenvironment: dual roles in cancer progression and therapy.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Molecular docking analysis of VEGF with compounds from tomato.Bioinformation · 2022Article
- Homologous Recombination Pathway Alternation Predicts Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer With Chemotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Clinical Efficacy and Future Prospects of Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer: one step at a time: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2021Review
- [Research Progress of Immunotherapy and Prognostic Markers in Small Cell Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2020Review
- Advances and challenges in immunotherapy of small cell lung cancer.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2020Article
- Update on the Biology, Management, and Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC).Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Review
- The role of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2019Review
- ZWINT is the next potential target for lung cancer therapy.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2019Article
- The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature.Canadian respiratory journal · 2019Review
- Why Be One Protein When You Can Affect Many? The Multiple Roles of YB-1 in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Review
- Aerosol Immunotherapy with or without Cisplatin for metastatic lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer disease:Journal of Cancer · 2018Article
- [Recent Advances and Future Strategies for Small Cell Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2017Review
- Progress and challenges in the treatment of small cell lung cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2017Review
- Research progress in the treatment of small cell lung cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2017Article
- The Future of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer.The oncologist · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the effect of immunotherapy on response, survival, and certain immune markers in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who are receiving chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients with SCLC (n = 164) were assigned to receive either chemotherapy alone (group A) or a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as follows: interferon α (IFN-α; 3 million IU) 3 times per week (group B); IFN-γ (3 million IU) 3 times per week (group C); and IFN-α and IFN-γ (1.5 million IU of each) 3 times per week (group D). Chemotherapy was the same for all groups and consisted of eight cycles with carboplatin 5.5 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1, ifosfamide 3.5 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1, and etoposide 200 mg/m(2) total dose taken orally on days 1 through 3, every 28 days. Patients completing chemotherapy were restaged, and those who were found to have limited disease received primary site and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Immunotherapy was continued throughout these treatments and during the follow-up period. Blood was taken before each course of chemotherapy and during follow-up to measure CD3+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells.
resultsDifferences in response and survival were not significantly different when all patients were considered. However, among patients with limited disease, Kaplan-Meier analysis disclosed a survival benefit for group B (P , 0.05). The analysis of immunologic measurements revealed that the improvement of immune markers was always accompanied by clinical improvement, whereas deterioration of all markers was accompanied by disease progression (result not statistically significant except for group C; P , 0.05).
conclusionAmong cytokines used in the study, only IFN-α seems to confer a survival benefit to patients with SCLC with limited disease. However, immunotherapy remains a challenge in the treatment of lung neoplasms and should be further explored.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.