ArticleBMJ open2013
Potentially traumatic interpersonal events, psychological distress and recurrent headache in a population-based cohort of adolescents: the HUNT study.
Article in BMJ open, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06138171 (Psychological Layers of Nociplastic Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Psychological Layers of Nociplastic Pain: Cluster Analysis of The Role of Personality Traits, Defence Mechanisms, Central Sensitization, and Childhood Traumatic Experiences in Patients With Chronic Migraine, Fibromyalgia, and Vulvodynia
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood maltreatment, trauma, and pain: trauma-related symptoms as mediators in a high-risk group.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Migraine and Trauma-Informed Care: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Clinical Practice and Research.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- A parallel investigation of trauma exposure, maladaptive appraisals and posttraumatic stress reactions in two groups of trauma-exposed adolescents.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Exposure to traumatic events and use of over-the-counter analgesics in adolescents: cross-sectional findings from the Young-HUNT study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Interpersonal violence and recurrent headache among adolescents with a history of psychiatric problems.Annals of general psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Pain Management: Mechanisms, Processes, and Trauma-Informed Care.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Dental anxiety and potentially traumatic events: a cross-sectional study based on the Tromsø Study-Tromsø 7.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Reading and writing difficulties and self-rated health among Danish adolescents: cross-sectional study from the FOCA cohort.BMC public health · 2019Article
- A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Pediatric Chronic Pain.The Clinical journal of pain · 2017Review
- How can the general practitioner support adolescent children of ill or substance-abusing parents? A qualitative study among adolescents.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2016Article
- Medication-overuse headache: a perspective review.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2016Review
- Childhood violence and adult chronic pain among indigenous Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: a SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study.International journal of circumpolar health · 2016Article
- Girls' quality of life prior to detention in relation to psychiatric disorders, trauma exposure and socioeconomic status.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2015Article
- Psychiatric comorbidity in childhood and adolescence headache.Current pain and headache reports · 2015Review
- Recurrent headache and interpersonal violence in adolescence: the roles of psychological distress, loneliness and family cohesion: the HUNT study.The journal of headache and pain · 2014Article
- Hippocampal volume changes across developmental periods in female migraineurs.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRecurrent headache co-occurs commonly with psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression. Potentially traumatic interpersonal events (PTIEs) could represent important precursors of psychological distress and recurrent headache in adolescents. Our objective was to assess the hypothesised association between exposure to PTIEs and recurrent migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in adolescents, and to further examine the potential impact of psychological distress on this relationship.
designPopulation-based, cross-sectional cohort study. The study includes self-reported data from youth on exposure to potentially traumatic events, psychological distress and a validated interview on headache.
settingThe adolescent part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006-2008 (HUNT), conducted in Norway.
participantsA cohort of 10 464 adolescents were invited to the study. Age ranged from 12 to 20 years. The response rate was 73% (7620), of whom 50% (3832) were girls.
main outcome measuresData from the headache interview served as the outcome. Recurrent headache was defined as headache recurring at least monthly during the past year, and was subclassified into monthly, weekly and daily complaints. Subtypes were classified as TTH, migraine, migraine with TTH and/or non-classifiable headache, in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria, second edition.
resultsMultiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sociodemographics, showed consistently significant associations between exposure to PTIEs and recurrent headache, regardless of the frequency or subtype of headache. Increasing exposure to PTIEs was associated with higher prevalence of recurrent headache, indicating a dose-response relationship. The strength of associations between exposure to PTIEs and all recurrent headache disorders was significantly attenuated when psychological distress was entered into the regression equation.
conclusionsThe empirical evidence of a strong and cumulative relationship between exposure to PTIEs, psychological distress and recurrent headache indicates a need for the integration of somatic and psychological healthcare services for adolescents in the prevention, assessment and treatment of recurrent headache. Prospective studies are needed.
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