ArticleFrontiers in physiology2013
Migraine in gulf war illness and chronic fatigue syndrome: prevalence, potential mechanisms, and evaluation.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exercise in Gulf War Illness (GWI)
START & STOPP in GWI Stress Test Activated Reversible Tachycardia & Stress Test Originated Phantom Perception in Gulf War Illness
Exertional Exhaustion in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diminished corticomotor excitability in Gulf War Illness related chronic pain symptoms; evidence from TMS study.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Gulf War Illness: Neurological Impacts, Pathophysiological Insights, and Therapeutic Prospects.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Headache Management in Military Primary Care: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Novel characterization of endogenous transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels from Gulf War Illness participants.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exercise-induced changes in gene expression do not mediate post exertional malaise in Gulf War illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Factors affecting the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of ocular surface pain.Expert review of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Review
- Under-recognition of medically unexplained symptom conditions among US Veterans with Gulf War Illness.PloS one · 2021Article
- Using Plasma Autoantibodies of Central Nervous System Proteins to Distinguish Veterans with Gulf War Illness from Healthy and Symptomatic Controls.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Systemic Hyperalgesia in Females with Gulf War Illness, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Monosodium luminol reinstates redox homeostasis, improves cognition, mood and neurogenesis, and alleviates neuro- and systemic inflammation in a model of Gulf War Illness.Redox biology · 2020Article
- Chronic fatigue syndrome in the emergency department.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2019Article
- Curcumin treatment leads to better cognitive and mood function in a model of Gulf War Illness with enhanced neurogenesis, and alleviation of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Activity of Paraoxonase/Arylesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase in Peripheral Blood of Gulf War Era Veterans With Neurologic Symptom Complexes or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Article
- The Neuroinflammatory Etiopathology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Recent research on Gulf War illness and other health problems in veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Effects of toxicant exposures during deployment.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2016Review
- Two age peaks in the incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a population-based registry study from Norway 2008-2012.BMC medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the prevalence of headache subtypes in Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) compared to controls.
backgroundApproximately, 25% of the military personnel who served in the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War have developed GWI. Symptoms of GWI and CFS have considerable overlap, including headache complaints. Migraines are reported in CFS. The type and prevalence of headaches in GWI have not been adequately assessed.
methods50 GWI, 39 CFS and 45 controls had structured headache evaluations based on the 2004 International Headache Society criteria. All subjects had history and physical examinations, fatigue and symptom related questionnaires, measurements of systemic hyperalgesia (dolorimetry), and assessments for exclusionary conditions.
resultsMigraines were detected in 64% of GWI (odds ratio = 11.6 [4.1-32.5]) (mean [±95% CI]) and 82% of CFS subjects (odds ratio = 22.5 [7.8-64.8]) compared to only 13% of controls. There was a predominance of females in the CFS compared to GWI and controls. However, migraine status was independent of gender in GWI and CFS groups (x (2) = 2.7; P = 0.101). Measures of fatigue, pain, and other ancillary criteria were comparable between GWI and CFS subjects with and without headache.
conclusionThe high prevalence of migraine in CFS was confirmed and extended to GWI subjects. GWI and CFS may share dysfunctional central pathophysiological pathways that contribute to migraine and subjective symptoms. The high migraine prevalence warrants the inclusion of a structured headache evaluation in GWI and CFS subjects, and treatment when present.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.