ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Multiple antigen-presenting system (MAPS) to induce comprehensive B- and T-cell immunity.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent developments in typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella vaccines.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2026Review
- High-throughput antigen discovery using Functional Genomic Vaccinology (FGV) identifies protective Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine candidates.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Understanding the impact of Klebsiella pneumoniae K-Antigen based MAPS vaccine design on the immune response in animal models.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Development of an 8-valentFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single dose of foot-and-mouth disease peptide vaccine fully protects swine and achieves intraserotype crossed neutralization.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella combination vaccines: clinical development plan and regulatory considerations.Vaccine · 2025Review
- NovelmBio · 2025Article
- Article
- Antibodies against polysaccharide type 3 and pneumococcal proteins demonstrate synergistic protective effect in a highly virulent type 3 invasive disease model in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Intranasal trivalent candidate vaccine elicits broad humoral and cellular immunity against pneumococcal pneumonia.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- PNEUMOCOCCAL SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION AND COVERAGE OF EXISTING AND PIPELINE PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- [Current and new vaccines against pneumococci].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Review
- Evaluation of a QuadrivalentVaccines · 2024Article
- Biological puzzles solved by usingJournal of bacteriology · 2024Review
- Immunogenicity of Current and Next-Generation Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Children: Current Challenges and Upcoming Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Recent advances in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide-based antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Combinatorial multimer staining and spectral flow cytometry facilitate quantification and characterization of polysaccharide-specific B cell immunity.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Hit 'em Where It Hurts: Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Target.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective approaches to prevent and control many infectious diseases. Because of safety and reproducibility concerns, whole-cell vaccines (WCVs), made from live or killed microorganisms and including hundreds of antigenic components, have been mostly replaced by acellular or subunit vaccines composed of well-defined, purified antigen components. The efficacy of acellular vaccines is inferior to that of WCVs, however, for two major reasons: limited antigen diversity and reduced immunogenicity, especially in a lack of activation of antigen-specific T-cell immunity, which plays an important role in protection against mucosal and intracellular pathogens. Here we present the multiple antigen-presenting system (MAPS), which enables the creation of a macromolecular complex that mimics the properties of WCVs by integrating various antigen components, including polysaccharides and proteins, in the same construct and that induces multipronged immune responses, including antibody, Th1, and Th17 responses. Using antigens from various pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), we demonstrate the versatility of the MAPS system and its feasibility for the design of unique defined-structure subunit vaccines to confer comprehensive protection via multiple immune mechanisms. Moreover, MAPS can serve as a tool for structure-activity analysis of cellular immunogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.