ArticleNeurotoxicology and teratology
Acetyl L-carnitine protects motor neurons and Rohon-Beard sensory neurons against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos.
Article in Neurotoxicology and teratology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Arsenic-Induced Apoptosis but Not Supernumerary Motor Neuron Development in Zebrafish Embryos: Assessment of Protein Carbonylation and the p53 Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Analysis of Rohon-Beard Neurons Implicates Fgf Signaling in Axon Maintenance and Cell Survival.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Temperature- and chemical-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Nifedipine toxicity is exacerbated by acetyl l-carnitine but alleviated by low-dose ketamine in zebrafish in vivo.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2020Article
- Ketamine-induced attenuation of reactive oxygen species in zebrafish is prevented by acetyl l-carnitine in vivo.Neuroscience letters · 2019Article
- N-acetylcysteine prevents ketamine-induced adverse effects on development, heart rate and monoaminergic neurons in zebrafish.Neuroscience letters · 2018Article
- Ketamine Modulates Zic5 Expression via the Notch Signaling Pathway in Neural Crest Induction.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Cyclosporine exacerbates ketamine toxicity in zebrafish: Mechanistic studies on drug-drug interaction.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2017Article
- Chemical profiling analysis of Maca using UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS coupled with UHPLC-ESI-QqQ MS and the neuroprotective study on its active ingredients.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Acetyl L-carnitine targets adenosine triphosphate synthase in protecting zebrafish embryos from toxicities induced by verapamil and ketamine: An in vivo assessment.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2017Article
- Behavioral alterations of zebrafish larvae after early embryonic exposure to ketamine.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Opposing effects of ketamine and acetyl L-carnitine on the serotonergic system of zebrafish.Neuroscience letters · 2015Article
- Developmental toxicity assay using high content screening of zebrafish embryos.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2015Article
- Mechanistic studies on ketamine-induced mitochondrial toxicity in zebrafish embryos.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
- Distinct effects of ketamine and acetyl L-carnitine on the dopamine system in zebrafish.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
- Ketamine exposure in early development impairs specification of the primary germ cell layers.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptors is commonly used as a pediatric anesthetic. Multiple studies have shown ketamine to be neurotoxic, particularly when administered during the brain growth spurt. Previously, we have shown that ketamine is detrimental to motor neuron development in the zebrafish embryos. Here, using both wild type (WT) and transgenic (hb9:GFP) zebrafish embryos, we demonstrate that ketamine is neurotoxic to both motor and sensory neurons. Drug absorption studies showed that in the WT embryos, ketamine accumulation was approximately 0.4% of the original dose added to the exposure medium. The transgenic embryos express green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized in the motor neurons making them ideal for evaluating motor neuron development and toxicities in vivo. The hb9:GFP zebrafish embryos (28 h post fertilization) treated with 2 mM ketamine for 20 h demonstrated significant reductions in spinal motor neuron numbers, while co-treatment with acetyl L-carnitine proved to be neuroprotective. In whole mount immunohistochemical studies using WT embryos, a similar effect was observed for the primary sensory neurons. In the ketamine-treated WT embryos, the number of primary sensory Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons was significantly reduced compared to that in controls. However, acetyl L-carnitine co-treatment prevented ketamine-induced adverse effects on the RB neurons. These results suggest that acetyl L-carnitine protects both motor and sensory neurons from ketamine-induced neurotoxicity.
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