Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23895676›Full record

ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2014

The patterns of drug and alcohol use and associated problems over 30 years in 397 men.

Marc A Schuckit, Tom L Smith, Jelger A Kalmijn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Retrieval of an Ethanol-Conditioned Taste Aversion Promotes GABAergic Plasticity in the Anterior Insular Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Moderators of subjective response to alcohol in the human laboratory.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Co-use of Alcohol and Cannabis: A Review.Current addiction reports · 2017
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Marc A SchuckitDepartment of Psychiatry , San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California.
Tom L Smith
Jelger A Kalmijn
University of California, San Diego · US

Funding

REACTIONS TO DEPRESSANTS IN SONS OF ALCSR01AA005526 · NIAAA · VETERANS MEDICAL RESEARCH FDN/SAN DIEGO · PI SCHUCKIT, MARC A · 1986 to 2010
$4.1M
NIAAA NIH HHS 2R01AA05526NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA005526
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlcohol and drug use disorders (AUDs and SUDs) and their combination are relatively common and often occur together. However, the relationships of potential early life correlates of alcohol and drug disorders to the combined diagnoses have rarely been evaluated in long-term prospective studies or in populations at high risk of one of these diagnoses but not the other.

methodsData were analyzed from 397 males (half with an alcohol-dependent father) who had no AUDs or SUDs at age 20 and who were followed approximately every 5 years for 3 decades. Early life correlates and the course of AUDs, SUDs, and combined disorders were evaluated for 4 groups of subjects based on subsequent alcohol and/or drug diagnoses.

resultsWhile the overall rates of the development of AUDs and SUDs were 41 and 21%, respectively, the rates of the second substance-related diagnosis were almost 2-fold higher for individuals who had the first condition. Among potential risk factors, scores for externalizing traits were elevated for men with AUDs, SUDs, and their combination, but a low level of response (low LR) to alcohol was associated only with the risk of AUDs, even when observed in the context of SUDs. The same earlier life characteristics that related to AUDs and to SUDs also related to the combination of these diagnoses in the same person. Finally, in this prospective study, subjects with both AUDs and SUDs had a more severe course than subjects with either condition alone.

conclusionsThis prospective evaluation of a group at high risk of AUDs confirmed the selective impact of the low LR on the risk of AUDs, the relationship of externalizing characteristics to both AUDs and SUDs and confirmed the more severe clinical course for both conditions when seen together.

Indexed as

AdultAlcohol DrinkingAlcohol-Related DisordersFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersTime FactorsYoung AdultAlcoholismComorbidityDrug DependenceExternalizing Clinical CourseLevel of Response to Alcohol

Identifiers

PMID23895676
PMCPMC3830655
OpenAlexW2021303987

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.