ArticlePloS one2013
How long and low can you go? Effect of conformation on the risk of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in domestic dogs.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genotypic Distribution ofGenes · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Attenuation of Lumbar Epaxial Musculature in Dogs with Spinal Pathology.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Post-operative complications following cervical ventral slot in dogs: a retrospective review of the influence of prophylactic fenestration and chondrodystrophy in 593 cases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The canine welfare, public health and environmental impact of systemic under-regulation within the UK puppy trade: A scoping review.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Review
- Prioritization of Appearance over Health and Temperament Is Detrimental to the Welfare of Purebred Dogs and Cats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and outcome of 80 Dachshunds with cervical intervertebral disc extrusion.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Cervical intervertebral disc disease in 60 Yorkshire terriers.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Recurrence of signs consistent with cervical intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs.The Journal of small animal practice · 2022Article
- French Bulldogs differ to other dogs in the UK in propensity for many common disorders: a VetCompass study.Canine medicine and genetics · 2021Article
- Overweight in Swedish show dogs-prevalence and association with performance in competition.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Radial Procurvatum Using the Center of Rotation of Angulation Methodology in Chondrodystrophic Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Canine models of spine disorders.JOR spine · 2020Article
- Breeding schemes for intervertebral disc disease in dachshunds: Is disc calcification score preferable to genotyping of the FGF4 retrogene insertion on CFA12?Canine medicine and genetics · 2020Article
- Classification of Intervertebral Disc Disease.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Review
- Current Understanding of the Genetics of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Review
- Phenotypic Effects ofGenes · 2019Article
- Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Neuter status as a risk factor for canine intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in dachshunds: a retrospective cohort study.Canine genetics and epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological disorder in certain dog breeds, resulting in spinal cord compression and injury that can cause pain and neurological deficits. Most disc extrusions are reported in chondrodystrophic breeds (e.g. Dachshunds, Basset Hounds, Pekingese), where selection for 'long and low' morphologies is linked with intervertebral discs abnormalities that predispose dogs to IVDE. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between relative thoracolumbar vertebral column length and IVDE risk in diverse breeds. A 14 month cross-sectional study of dogs entering a UK small animal referral hospital for diverse disorders including IVDE was carried out. Dogs were measured on breed-defining morphometrics, including back length (BL) and height at the withers (HW). Of 700 dogs recruited from this referral population, measured and clinically examined, 79 were diagnosed with thoracolumbar IVDE following diagnostic imaging ± surgery. The BL:HW ratio was positively associated with IVDE risk, indicating that relatively longer dogs were at increased risk, e.g. the probability of IVDE was 0.30 for Miniature Dachshunds when BL:HW ratio equalled 1.1, compared to 0.68 when BL:HW ratio equalled 1.5. Additionally, both being overweight and skeletally smaller significantly increased IVDE risk. Therefore, selection for longer backs and miniaturisation should be discouraged in high-risk breeds to reduce IVDE risk. In higher risk individuals, maintaining a lean body shape is particularly important to reduce the risk of IVDE. Results are reported as probabilities to aid decision-making regarding breed standards and screening programmes reflecting the degree of risk acceptable to stakeholders.
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Registered trials
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