ArticleBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2013
Evaluating the effects of maternal exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene on oral clefts among offspring in Texas: 1999-2008.
Article in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental mechanisms of orofacial clefts.Birth defects research · 2020Review
- Road impact in a protected area with rich biodiversity: the case of the Sebitoli road in Kibale National Park, Uganda.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Hypospadias Risk from Maternal Residential Exposure to Heavy Metal Hazardous Air Pollutants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Association between benzene and congenital anomalies in Oklahoma, 1997-2009.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2018Article
- Does maternal exposure to benzene and PM10 during pregnancy increase the risk of congenital anomalies? A population-based case-control study.The Science of the total environment · 2016Article
- Air toxics and birth defects: a Bayesian hierarchical approach to evaluate multiple pollutants and spina bifida.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2015Article
- Can cell proliferation of umbilical cord blood cells reflect environmental exposures?SpringerPlus · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is evidence from previous studies that maternal occupational exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is positively associated with oral clefts; however, studies evaluating the association between residential exposure to these toxicants and oral clefts are lacking. Therefore, our goal was to conduct a case-control study examining the association between estimated maternal residential exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) and the risk of oral clefts among offspring.
methodsData on 6045 nonsyndromic isolated oral cleft cases (3915 cleft lip with or without cleft palate [CL ± P] and 2130 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate [CP] cases) delivered between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. The control group was a sample of unaffected live births, frequency matched to cases on year of birth. Census tract-level estimates of annual average exposures were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2005 Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM5) for each pollutant and assigned to each subject based on maternal residence during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between estimated maternal exposure to each pollutant (BTEX) separately and the risk of oral clefts in offspring.
resultsHigh estimated maternal exposure to benzene was not associated with oral clefts, compared with low estimated exposure (CL ± P adjusted OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.81 - 1.12; CP adjusted OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.67 - 1.09). Similar results were seen for the other pollutants.
conclusionIn our study, there was no evidence that maternal exposure to environmental levels of BTEX was associated with oral clefts.
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