ArticleGut microbes
Biofilm formation by Clostridium difficile.
Article in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sporulation modulates viscoelastic development through extracellular matrix restructuring inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Polystyrene microplastics facilitateApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Biofilm Formation and Para-cresol Production by Clostridioides difficile Under the Influence of Phytonutrients from Rhus chinensis.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Acidification-dependent suppression ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Acidification-dependent suppression ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches forFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Effect of Pefloxacin onAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extracellular DNA filaments associated with surface polysaccharide II give Clostridioides difficile biofilm matrix a network-like structure.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Community-AcquiredInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Critical Review of Postbiotics as Promising Novel Therapeutic Agents for Clostridial Infections.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Synthetic niclosamide-loaded controlled-release nanospheres with high solubility and stability exerting multiple effects againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Gallic acid as biofilm inhibitor can improve transformation efficiency of Ruminiclostridium papyrosolvens.Biotechnology letters · 2024Article
- Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Environmental and Nutritional Parameters Modulating Genetic Expression for Virulence Factors ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clostridioides difficile Biofilm.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Comparative genome analyses of clinical and non-clinicalFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Immunization Strategies Against Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Review of the Impact of Biofilm Formation on RecurrentMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Biofilm Formation ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated disease worldwide. Recurring infections and increasing antibiotic resistance have complicated treatment of CDI. While C. difficile spores are important for transmission and persistence of CDI, other factors such as gut colonization and formation of bacterial communities in the gut may also contribute to pathogenesis and persistence, but have not been well investigated. Recently, we reported that important clinical C. difficile strains are able to form composite biofilms in vitro. C. difficile biofilm formation is a complex process, modulated by several different factors, including cell surface components and regulators. We also reported that bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to high concentrations of vancomycin, the antibiotic of choice for treatment of CDI. Here we summarize our recent findings and discuss the implications of biofilm formation by this anaerobic gut pathogen in disease pathogenesis and treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.