ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2013
Increasing pregnancy-related use of prescribed opioid analgesics.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Opioid exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformation: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Pooled it
- A Clinical Trial of a Program for Pain Management and Opioid Reduction During Pregnancy.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of Oral Methadone in the Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Pilot Study.The Journal of pediatrics · 2015Trial
- A comparison of dual vs. single diagnostic code approaches for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome surveillance in neonates ≥ 35 weeks gestational age.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Polysubstance use in pregnancy: Findings from a population-based cross-sectional cohort study of pregnant women with opioid use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Trends of prenatal opioid utilization and neonatal abstinence syndrome in Manitoba, Canada: A 26-year population-based cohort study.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Maternal opioid use during pregnancy and the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in the offspring.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Risk of Death at 1 Year Following Postpartum Opioid Exposure.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Fetal and Infant Effects of Maternal Opioid Use during Pregnancy: A Literature Review including Clinical, Toxicological, Pharmacogenomic, and Epigenetic Aspects for Forensic Evaluation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neonatal opioid toxicity: opioid withdrawal (abstinence) syndrome with emphasis on pharmacogenomics and respiratory depression.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Nutritional Status Differs by Prescription Opioid Use among Women of Reproductive Age: NHANES 1999-2018.Nutrients · 2023Article
- A population-based descriptive study of neonatal abstinence syndrome using hospital discharge and birth certificate data.Journal of substance use · 2023Article
- Prenatal methadone exposure selectively alters protein expression in primary motor cortex: Implications for synaptic function.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Does Maternal Incarceration Impact Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome?Maternal and child health journal · 2022Article
- Trends, patterns, and maternal characteristics of opioid prescribing during pregnancy in a large population-based cohort study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Ischemic Placental Disease, Preterm Delivery, and Their Association With Opioid Use During Pregnancy.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Current research in pathophysiology of opioid-induced respiratory depression, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and neonatal antidepressant exposure syndrome.Current research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Maternal Complications and Prescription Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy: Using Marginal Structural Models.Drug safety · 2021Article
- Prevalence and duration of prescribed opioid use during pregnancy: a cohort study from the Quebec Pregnancy Cohort.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo quantify the prevalence of prescribed opioid analgesics among pregnant women enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid from 1995 to 2009.
methodsRetrospective cohort study of 277,555 pregnancies identified from birth and fetal death certificates, and linked to previously validated, computerized pharmacy records. Poisson regression was used to estimate trends over time, rate ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsDuring the study period, 29% of pregnant women filled a prescription for an opioid analgesic. From 1995 to 2009, any pregnancy-related use increased 1.90-fold (95% CI, 1.83-1.98), first trimester use increased 2.27-fold (95% CI, 2.14-2.41), and second or third trimester use increased 2.02-fold (95% CI, 1.93-2.12), after adjusting for maternal characteristics. Any pregnancy-related, first trimester, and second or third trimester use were each more likely among mothers who were at least 21 years old, white, non-Hispanic, prima gravid, resided in nonurban areas, enrolled in Medicaid owing to disability, and who had less than a high school education.
conclusionsOpioid analgesic use by Tennessee Medicaid-insured pregnant women increased nearly 2-fold from 1995 to 2009. Additional study is warranted to understand the implications of this increased use.
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