ArticleChest2014
Experiences of racism and the incidence of adult-onset asthma in the Black Women's Health Study.
Article in Chest, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-reported experiences of discrimination and health: scientific advances, ongoing controversies, and emerging issues.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2015Pooled it
- Sociocultural Stressors and Asthma among Adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage, Individual Experiences of Racism, and Breast Cancer Survival.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Disparities in adolescent controller medication adherence, treatment barriers, and asthma control.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Article
- Research Priorities in Pediatric Asthma Morbidity: Addressing the Impacts of Systemic Racism on Children with Asthma in the United States. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Research on Health Disparities: Strategies and Findings From the Black Women's Health Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Perceived Interpersonal Racism and Incident Stroke Among US Black Women.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Health Effects of Policing in Hospitals: a Narrative Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Review
- Environmental justice and allergic disease: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Environmental Exposure and Respiratory Health Committee and the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Inconsistent Reporting of Discrimination Over Time Using the Experiences of Discrimination Scale: Potential Underestimation of Lifetime Burden.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Explaining Ethnic Differentials in COVID-19 Mortality: A Cohort Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- The United States' reckoning with racism during the COVID-19 pandemic: What can we learn and do as allergist-immunologists?The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Association between racial discrimination and health-related quality of life and the impact of social relationships.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2020Article
- Pervasive Discrimination and Allostatic Load in African American and White Adults.Psychosomatic medicine · 2020Article
- Structural and Social Determinants of Health in Asthma in Developed Economies: a Scoping Review of Literature Published Between 2014 and 2019.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2020Article
- Perceived racial discrimination and risk of insomnia among middle-aged and elderly Black women.Sleep · 2020Article
- Experiences of racism and subjective cognitive function in African American women.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- The Impact of Environmental Chronic and Toxic Stress on Asthma.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2019Review
- Perceived racism in relation to telomere length among African American women in the Black Women's Health Study.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Asthma in the melting pot.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on byA New Paradigm.2014
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic stress resulting from experiences of racism may increase the incidence of adult-onset asthma through effects on the immune system and the airways. We conducted prospective analyses of the relation of experiences of racism with asthma incidence in the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort of black women in the United States followed since 1995 with mailed biennial questionnaires.
methodsAmong 38,142 participants followed from 1997 to 2011, 1,068 reported incident asthma. An everyday racism score was created based on five questions asked in 1997 and 2009 about the frequency in daily life of experiences of racism (eg, poor service in stores), and a lifetime racism score was based on questions about racism on the job, in housing, and by police. We used Cox regression models to derive multivariable incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs for categories of each racism score in relation to incident asthma.
resultsThe IRRs were 1.45 (95% CI, 1.19-1.78) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile of the 1997 everyday racism score (P for trend<.0001) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.18-1.75) for the highest compared with the lowest category of 1997 lifetime racism. Among women who reported the same levels of racism in 1997 and 2009, the IRRs for the highest categories of everyday and lifetime racism were 2.12 (95% CI, 1.55-2.91) and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.20-2.30), respectively.
conclusionsGiven the high prevalence of experiences of racism and asthma in black women in the United States, a positive association between racism and asthma is of public health importance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.