ReviewReproduction (Cambridge, England)2013
Influence of infection during pregnancy on fetal development.
Review in Reproduction (Cambridge, England), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- First trimester maternal infections and offspring congenital heart defects: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal prenatal infection and childhood leukaemia: a Childhood Cancer and Leukemia International Consortium (CLIC) meta-analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Brain Injury in Neonates: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.Behavioural neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Time to Evaluate the Clinical Repercussions of Zika Virus Vertical Transmission? A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Viral Infection and Risk of Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Maternal influenza and birth outcomes: systematic review of comparative studies.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2017Pooled it
- Postnatal maximal weight loss, fluid administration, and outcomes in extremely preterm newborns.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Trial
- Combined effects of bacterial vaginal colonization and HIV on pregnancy outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Research square · 2026Article
- Impact of Deoxynivalenol, Cytokines, and Particulate Matter on Human Trophoblast Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant and toddler development: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 pseudoparticles preferentially infect ectoderm in human embryonic tissues.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Trends and patterns of varicella zoster virus infection in Kilifi: A population-based serosurvey.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Susceptibility of human neural stem cells to SARS-CoV-2: Entry mechanisms and glycocalyx influence.PloS one · 2026Article
- Congenital Viral Infection Risk: The Role of Parvovirus B19 and Cytomegalovirus Molecular Genetic Testing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Distal pulmonary epithelial maturation in preterm infants: does the lung of the preterm infant continue its functional pulmonary development postnatally?Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Severe Neonatal Asphyxia Associated with Ureaplasma urealyticum Infection: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of 843 children with Zika-related microcephaly in the first three years of life: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 12 cohorts in the Zika Brazilian Cohorts consortium.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Chronic nasal inflammation early in life induces transient and long-term dysbiosis of gut microbiota in mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Molecular Biology for Diagnosis of Congenital and Neonatal Infections in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Newborns from a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital.Microorganisms · 2024Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infection by bacteria, viruses, and parasites may lead to fetal death, organ injury, or limited sequelae depending on the pathogen. Here, we consider the role of infection during pregnancy in fetal development including placental development and function, which can lead to fetal growth restriction. The classical group of teratogenic pathogens is referred to as 'TORCH' (Toxoplasma gondii, others like Treponema pallidum, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus) but should include a much broader group of pathogens including Parvovirus B19, Varicella zoster virus, and Plasmodium falciparum to name a few. In this review, we describe the influence of different infections in utero on fetal development and the short- and long-term outcomes for the neonate. In some cases, the mechanisms used by these pathogens to disrupt fetal development are well known. Bacterial infection of the developing fetal lungs and brain begins with an inflammatory cascade resulting in cytokine injury and oxidative stress. For some pathogens like P. falciparum, the mechanisms involve oxidative stress and apoptosis to disrupt placental and fetal growth. An in utero infection may also affect the long-term health of the infant; in many cases, a viral infection in utero increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in childhood. Understanding the varied mechanisms employed by these pathogens may enable therapies to attenuate changes in fetal development, decrease preterm birth, and improve survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.