ReviewExpert opinion on therapeutic targets2013
PDE4 as a target for cognition enhancement.
Review in Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis reveals shared genetic architecture between Alzheimer's disease and gastrointestinal tract disorders.Communications biology · 2022Pooled it
- Cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment, part 2: from bench to bedside-and back: why candidate therapies for cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment fail to translate.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Restoring access to long-term social recognition memories disrupted by sleep deprivation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis reveals neuroprotective histone deacetylase inhibitor pathways.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Early peripheral blood gene expression predicts 90-day outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The cAMP-phosphodiesterase PDE4B2 controls peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression and the initiation of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- The Emerging Role of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Differential effects of Phosphodiesterase 4A5 on cAMP-dependent forms of long-term potentiation.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Qi Jing Wan and Its Active Ingredient Diosgenin Against Cognitive Impairment in Plateau Hypoxia.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular Properties of Phosphodiesterase 4 and Its Inhibition by Roflumilast and Cilomilast.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Alcohol drinking is attenuated by PDE4 inhibition but partial microglia depletion is not sufficient to block stress-induced escalation of alcohol intake in female mice.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Automatic synthesis of a phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) radioligand and PET imaging in depression rodent models.American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- PET imaging in rat brain shows opposite effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on phosphodiesterase-4B, an indirect biomarker of cAMP activity.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- A Comparative Study of the Antiemetic Effects of αInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 as a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Allosteric inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D induces biphasic memory-enhancing effects associated with learning-activated signaling pathways.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitor reduces stress-induced behavioral and cytoarchitectural changes in C57BL/6J mice by activating the BDNF/TrkB pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition after retrieval switches the memory fate favoring extinction instead of reconsolidation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe second messengers cAMP and cGMP mediate fundamental aspects of brain function relevant to memory, learning, and cognitive functions. Consequently, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzymes that inactivate the cyclic nucleotides, are promising targets for the development of cognition-enhancing drugs. AREAS COVERED: PDE4 is the largest of the 11 mammalian PDE families. This review covers the properties and functions of the PDE4 family, highlighting procognitive and memory-enhancing effects associated with their inactivation. EXPERT OPINION: PAN-selective PDE4 inhibitors exert a number of memory- and cognition-enhancing effects and have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in preclinical models. The major hurdle for their clinical application is to target inhibitors to specific PDE4 isoforms relevant to particular cognitive disorders to realize the therapeutic potential while avoiding side effects, in particular emesis and nausea. The PDE4 family comprises four genes, PDE4A-D, each expressed as multiple variants. Progress to date stems from characterization of rodent models with selective ablation of individual PDE4 subtypes, revealing that individual subtypes exert unique and non-redundant functions in the brain. Thus, targeting specific PDE4 subtypes, as well as splicing variants or conformational states, represents a promising strategy to separate the therapeutic benefits from the side effects of PAN-PDE4 inhibitors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.