SynthesisCurrent psychiatry reports2013
Pharmacoepidemiology of antipsychotic use in youth with ADHD: trends and clinical implications.
Synthesis in Current psychiatry reports, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin for Weight Gain Associated with Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.CNS drugs · 2018Pooled it
- Harms of Antipsychotics in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review Update.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2018Pooled it
- Stepped Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Aggressive Behavior: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Risperidone, Divalproex Sodium, or Placebo After Stimulant Medication Optimization.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Persistent Negative Mood Among Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Aggressive Behavior.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Trends in antipsychotic and lithium use in Scandinavian countries from 2010 to 2023: a cross-country drug utilization study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Off-label drug use in children and adolescents treated with antidepressants and antipsychotics: results from a prospective multicenter trial.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- The role of pharmacists in supporting service users to optimise antipsychotic medication.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Article
- Research Audit on Clinical Utility of Dimensional Disruptive Mood and Behavior Psychopathologies in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Practice.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Trends in Antipsychotic Medication Use in Young Privately Insured Children.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Article
- Improvements in Irritability with Open-Label Methylphenidate Treatment in Youth with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Differences in Medicaid Antipsychotic Medication Measures Among Children with SSI, Foster Care, and Income-Based Aid.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2018Article
- Pharmacotherapy of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) Children Growing Up.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2015Article
- Child and adolescent psychiatrists' reported monitoring behaviors for second-generation antipsychotics.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Competent psychopharmacology.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2014Review
- Child and adolescent psychiatrists' attitudes and practices prescribing second generation antipsychotics.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- Metabolic consequences of second-generation antipsychotics in youth: appropriate monitoring and clinical management.Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although concern has been raised about antipsychotic prescribing to youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the available database is limited to individual studies. Therefore, in order to provide a synthesis of prevalence and time trends, we conducted a systematic review and pooled analysis of pharmaco-epidemiologic data on antipsychotic use in ADHD youth. Of 1806 hits, 21 studies (N) were retained that reported analyzable data for three separate populations: 1) antipsychotic-treated youth (N = 15, n = 341,586); 2) ADHD youth (N = 9, n = 6,192,368), and 3) general population youth (N = 5, n = 14,284,916). Altogether, 30.5 ± 18.5% of antipsychotic-treated youth had ADHD. In longitudinal studies, this percentage increased over time (1998-2007) from 21.7 ± 7.1% to 27.7 ± 7.7%, ratio = 1.3 ± 0.4. Furthermore, 11.5 ± 17.5% of ADHD youth received antipsychotics. In longitudinal studies, this percentage also increased (1998-2006) from 5.5 ± 2.6% to 11.4 ± 6.7%, ratio = 2.1 ± 0.6. Finally, 0.12 ± 0.07% of youth in the general population were diagnosed with ADHD and received antipsychotics. Again, in longitudinal studies, this percentage increased over time (1993-2007): 0.13 ± 0.09% to 0.44 ± 0.49%, ratio = 3.1 ± 2.2. Taken together, these data indicate that antipsychotics are used by a clinically relevant and increasing number of youth with ADHD. Reasons for and risk/benefit ratios of this practice with little evidence base require further investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.