ArticleInternational orthopaedics2013
The pictogram of the pes planus from the first century AD.
Article in International orthopaedics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Flatfoot over the centuries: the background of current conservative and operative treatments.International orthopaedics · 2023Review
- Update in foot and ankle surgery.International orthopaedics · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study presents a pictogram engraved into the Marble Road of the ancient town of Ephesus, with a special emphasis on one part of it which represents a flat foot. Although the flat foot is a widespread and common disturbance in all time periods, we were motivated by a lack of its representation within iconographical, historical or other sources.
methodAiming to confirm the diagnosis objectively we applied the modern diagnostic methodology, arch index (AI). The result was 0.33, which is a mathematical proof that the Ephesus foot is definitely flat.
conclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this picture from the first century AD is among the oldest representations of a flat foot in history.
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Registered trials
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