ReviewExperimental eye research2013
Antimicrobial compounds in tears.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular Microbiota and Intraocular Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Potential role of the ocular surface microbiome in dry eye: microbial interactions and symptom alleviation.mSystems · 2026Trial
- Integrating Clinical Data and Tear Proteomics to Assess Efficacy, Ocular Surface Status, and Biomarker Response After Orthokeratology Lens Wear.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Trial
- Paucibacterial Microbiome and Resident DNA Virome of the Healthy Conjunctiva.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Trial
- Distinctive Lacritin Cleavage-Potentiated Bactericidal Alteration of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- Contact Lens-Associated Ocular Surface and Corneal Disorders.Methods and protocols · 2026Review
- Mouse Lacrimal Gland Ductal Organoids With Controlled Polarity: A Novel Ex Vivo Research Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Immune cell dynamics and cytokine regulation in cornea and transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ocular Surface Microbiota Alterations Following FS-LASIK and Their Association With Postoperative Dry Eye.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Pathophysiological and molecular insights into allergic conjunctivitis: an expanding analysis of immunological endotypes.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Exploratory multi-biofluid proteomic profiling of acute exercise responses in plasma, tear fluid, and nasal secretions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Functional crosstalk between the lung and eye: a new frontier in chronic lung diseases.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Antibacterial Potential of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Maggot Excretions/Secretions in Presence of Human Tear Fluid.Neotropical entomology · 2025Article
- A Tear-Based Approach for Rapid Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Corneal Ulcers Using Nanopore Sequencing.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Observational
- Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk for Long Covid.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Contact Lens Wear Alters Transcriptional Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Both the Corneal Epithelium and the Bacteria.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- [Microbiological view of the anophtalmic cavity].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025Article
- Chronic Jet Lag Disrupts Circadian Rhythms and Induces Hyperproliferation in Murine Lacrimal Glands via ROS Accumulation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The effect of topical antibiotic or antibiotic-corticosteroid treatment on the ocular surface microbiota of healthy horses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The tear film coats the cornea and conjunctiva and serves several important functions. It provides lubrication, prevents drying of the ocular surface epithelia, helps provide a smooth surface for refracting light, supplies oxygen and is an important component of the innate defense system of the eye providing protection against a range of potential pathogens. This review describes both classic antimicrobial compounds found in tears such as lysozyme and some more recently identified such as members of the cationic antimicrobial peptide family and surfactant protein-D as well as potential new candidate molecules that may contribute to antimicrobial protection. As is readily evident from the literature review herein, tears, like all mucosal fluids, contain a plethora of molecules with known antimicrobial effects. That all of these are active in vivo is debatable as many are present in low concentrations, may be influenced by other tear components such as the ionic environment, and antimicrobial action may be only one of several activities ascribed to the molecule. However, there are many studies showing synergistic/additive interactions between several of the tear antimicrobials and it is highly likely that cooperativity between molecules is the primary way tears are able to afford significant antimicrobial protection to the ocular surface in vivo. In addition to effects on pathogen growth and survival some tear components prevent epithelial cell invasion and promote the epithelial expression of innate defense molecules. Given the protective role of tears a number of scenarios can be envisaged that may affect the amount and/or activity of tear antimicrobials and hence compromise tear immunity. Two such situations, dry eye disease and contact lens wear, are discussed here.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.