ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2013
Irritable mood as a symptom of depression in youth: prevalence, developmental, and clinical correlates in the Great Smoky Mountains Study.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suicidal behaviors and irritability in children and adolescents: a systematic review of the nature and mechanisms of the association.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Foster Care Leads to Lower Irritability Among Adolescents with a History of Early Psychosocial Deprivation.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Trial
- Diagnostic- and age-based measurement invariance of irritability in youths.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Using a Developmental Approach to Investigate Behavioral, Neurodevelopmental, and Depressive Irritability Types.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Interplay Between Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms During Late Childhood: Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analyses.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Trajectory of irritability in children and youth in Ontario, Canada, throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Within-person associations between daily ovarian steroid levels and mood-related symptoms in ovulatory and anovulatory early adolescents.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Mental well-being in adolescence and eight years of follow-up for mental illness, risky behaviours, and mortality in 67,945 15-19-year-olds: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Does Expressive Suppression Precede Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence?Journal of youth and adolescence · 2025Article
- Examining harsh parenting as a moderator in the association between childhood irritability and adolescent suicidal behaviors.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation of the Japanese version of the Affective Reactivity Index: A community-based study of adolescent irritability.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- An examination of the relationship between conduct problems and depressive symptoms comorbidity and temperament among elementary school children.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
- A phenomenologically grounded specification of varieties of adolescent depression.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Trajectories of oppositional defiant disorder severity from adolescence to young adulthood and substance use, mental health, and behavioral problems.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2023Article
- A pragmatic, clinically optimized approach to characterizing adolescent irritability: Validation of parent- and adolescent reports on the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales-Temper Loss Scale.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2023Article
- Is Irritability a Top Problem in Youth Mental Health Care? A Multi-informant, Multi-method Investigation.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- Longitudinal Assessment of Multimorbidity Medication Patterns among Smokers in the COPDGene Cohort.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Association of Childhood Externalizing, Internalizing, and Comorbid Symptoms With Long-term Economic and Social Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Keeping up with the kids: the value of co-production in the study of irritability in youth depression and its underlying neural circuitry.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDSM-IV grants episodic irritability an equal status to low mood as a cardinal criterion for the diagnosis of depression in youth, yet not in adults; however, evidence for irritability as a major criterion of depression in youth is lacking. This article examines the prevalence, developmental characteristics, associations with psychopathology, and longitudinal stability of irritable mood in childhood and adolescent depression.
methodData from the prospective population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (N = 1,420) were used. We divided observations on 9- to 16-year-olds who met criteria for a diagnosis of depression into 3 groups: those with depressed mood and no irritability, those with irritability and no depressed mood, and those with both depressed and irritable mood. We compared these groups using robust regression models on adolescent characteristics and early adult (ages 19-21 years) depression outcomes.
resultsDepressed mood was the most common cardinal mood in youth meeting criteria for depression (58.7%), followed by the co-occurrence of depressed and irritable mood (35.6%); irritable mood alone was rare (5.7%). Youth with depressed and irritable mood were similar in age and developmental stage to those with depression, but had significantly higher rates of disruptive disorders. The co-occurrence of depressed and irritable mood was associated with higher risk for comorbid conduct disorder in girls (gender-by-group interaction, F1,132 = 4.66, p = .03).
conclusionsOur study findings do not support the use of irritability as a cardinal mood criterion for depression. However, the occurrence of irritability in youth depression is associated with increased risk of disruptive behaviors, especially in girls.
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Registered trials
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